板栗优良新品种‘黄棚’

 ‘黄棚’是20世纪90年代初从海拔300 m以上的山地栗园选出的实生变异优株。经多年高接鉴定和丰产栽培试验表明, 该品种早实, 丰产, 抗旱, 耐瘠薄, 品质优良, 为中早熟、适应范围广的炒食型板栗新品种。     

镇安县栗炭疽病发生规律及综合防治技术研究

栗炭疽病是陕西镇安栗树的主要病害之一。试验研究表明,根据该病发生规律,在抓好农业防治的基础上,采用农业防治与药剂防治相结合的综合防治技术,防治效果显著。     

Seasonal patterns of dispersal of ascospores of Cryphonectria parasitica (chestnut blight)

Infected barks of chestnut blight cankers, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica , were collected from a naturally infected orchard and incubated at different temperatures. Cankers started to discharge ascospores about a week after incubation at 15–25°C; most ascospores were collected at 20 and 25°C. When incubated at 5, 10 or 30°C, only a few cankers released a small number of ascospores and only during the later stages of incubation. However, the rate of formation of perithecia was not affected by the incubation temperature. The number of airborne ascospores was monitored using a volumetric spore trap in a chestnut orchard during 1996 and 1997. In both years, the number of ascospores trapped daily varied greatly, but in general it increased sharply from March onwards, reached a peak in May, and then declined steeply. There was a significant correlation between daily counts of ascospores and air temperature. Time-series transfer function (TF) analysis showed a positive association of the daily number of ascospores with increasing temperature, rain events and wet/humid conditions. In general, values predicted by the TF model agreed well with the observed pattern. However, a multiple regression equation based on TF analysis failed to provide a satisfactory prediction of the daily number of ascospores.     

板栗采后高CO2冲击处理对品质和耐藏性的影响

以“大红袍”板栗为试材 ,研究 0℃下 30 %～ 80 %的高CO2 冲击处理对板栗冷藏品质及耐藏性的影响。结果表明 ,高CO2 冲击处理可显著促进板栗乙醇的积累 ,提高乙醇脱氢酶活性 ;适度冲击处理使板栗在贮藏期间淀粉水解速率降低 ,减少营养物质的消耗 ;冲击处理对板栗风味有显著影响 ,30 %～ 80 %CO2 处理超过 2 0d ,板栗会出现不同程度异味 ,并且在一定限度内异味会随着贮藏时间的延长逐渐消除 ,恢复正常风味 ;若CO2 强度过大 ,则异味很难完全消除 ,并会对板栗造成了不可逆伤害。板栗采后在 0℃下用 4 0 %的CO2 处理 2 0d后再进行冷藏 ,既可以延长板栗的贮藏期 ,又能提高板栗的贮藏品质 ,整体贮藏保鲜效果最佳。     

樟子松栗钙土造林效果初探

以樟子松4 a生容器苗在栗钙土上进行造林,采用每年2、2、2、1、1次连续抚育5 a,结果表明:当年成活率达到95.8%,3 a保存率为86.3%,最终保存率为81.2%,高于国家规定16个百分点;11 a生树高总高度为316.4 cm,未发现有病虫危害,长势良好。     

嫁接板栗胴枯病病害调查与防治研究

[目的]掌握嫁接板栗胴枯病发病规律,研究其防治方法,以提高嫁接成活率,为生产、科研提供技术支持。[方法]于2008～2010年,先后在陕西省镇安县板栗产区对该病的危害症状、病原传播方式、发病条件及发病规律进行调查,通过不同时期、药剂、防治次数的试验,得出嫁接板栗胴枯病的防治方法。[结果]板栗嫁接时主要感病危害部位为嫁接伤口,可引起嫁接部位腐烂、皱缩、干枯,不能成活,降低嫁接成活率。胴枯病病原为子囊菌亚门真菌,由子囊菌孢子和分生孢子侵染所致,该病菌为兼性寄生菌,只能从伤口侵入;病菌孢子主要借风雨、砧木伤口和接穗接触传染。在镇安县,4月上、中旬是嫁接板栗植株发病高峰,病斑扩展快、可在短期内造成砧木伤口处腐烂,不能形成愈伤组织,嫁接接穗枯死。不同药剂、防治时期、防治次数下的板栗嫁接胴枯病防治效果有明显差异。[结论]药剂种类和用药时期是防治板栗嫁接胴枯病的关键,每年4月上旬,喷洒40%福美砷药剂500倍液2～3次,对嫁接板栗胴枯病的防治率可达83.6%,具有较好的防治效果。     

Genetic Relationship between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Castanea sativa</Emphasis> Mill. Trees from North-western to South Spain Based on Morphological Traits and Isoenzymes

This study is focused in the main chestnut growing areas from north- to south-western Spain. We studied 50 accessions corresponding to 22 cultivars named by local growers; 11 from Andalucía, 9 from Castilla-León, and 2 from Extremadura. These were compared with 22 types classified previously in Galicia (82 accessions). Ten morphological traits and five isoenzyme systems were used to classify them and establish genetic relationships. A lower genetic variability has been found in Extremadura (middle Spain) and Andalucía (south) than in Galicia (north western) which may be because of the lower importance of the crop in those areas and the geographic barriers between them. Galicia could be the origin of the types found in Castilla-León, Extremadura, and south-western Andalucía, and the types found in Central Andalucía were closer to those found in Castilla-León and Extremadura. Most accessions studied (117/132) could be classified positively, making 37 out of 44 cultivars found from northern to southern Spain. Three groups of synonymies were found in Castilla-León: ‘Brava’ and ‘Negral’, ‘Gallego’ and ‘Injerto’, and ‘Rapega’ and ‘Verdello’. Most of the Spanish types have been propagated as a principal clone. Variability within the types is important and must be considered to select the best clones as cultivars.     

板栗品质与土壤地球化学关系研究进展

板栗具有较高的经济价值,但其地域性较强,品质差异较大。综述了近年来板栗营养品质的评价指标体系的研究进展,板栗品质与土壤性质的关系以及板栗品质和土壤地球化学元素间关系的研究进展,并对板栗产量、质量和施肥技术间的关系进行了分析和论述,最后指出了存在的问题,并对提高板栗营养品质提出了几点建议。     

板栗保鲜貯藏研究——Ⅱ、板栗贮藏生理及不同贮藏方法的效果

本文对大别山区几种主要品种的板栗采后生理特点及其调控方法进行了研究,比较了不同贮藏方法的效果,提出了简易有效的板栗贮藏技术。     

佛香茶香气成分的研究

 佛香茶是云南名茶,具有香高持久、带板栗香的香型特点。用GC／MS法分析了佛香茶的香气组成,共鉴定出30种香气成分。其主要成分如下:芳樟醇、α-松油醇、香叶醇、橙花醇、橙花叔醇、α-[HT6”,5”SS]律[HT5”]草烯、氧化长叶松烯、氧化石竹烯、丁酸-4-已烯酯、四甲基-十六碳-2-烯-Ⅰ-醇。