小型U形渠道适宜量水设备浅析

在节水灌溉技术的推广应用中,灌区量水是一项基础的、关键性的技术.灌区量水设施灌区节水、实现水资源高效可持续利用具有重要意义。随着节水农业的发展和水价制度的改革，迫切需要研究并推广可对灌区末级渠系计量的量水设备。抛物线形移动式量水堰板和便携式量水槽是针对小型U形渠道测流而提出的量水设备，具有使用方便，结构简单等优点。通过对2种量水设备的比较，模拟分析了在不同渠道条件下的量水性能指标。结果表明：2种量水设备的量水精度均可满足灌区测流要求；抛物线形移动式量水堰板测流幅度大，渠道适应性好；在可以适用的缓坡渠道条件下，可优选便携式量水槽。     

The use of a new portable erosion measuring device for assessing the erodibility of the surface layers of flood embankments

When a river overtops its flood banks, water running down the landward side of the bank can rapidly erode the soil surface and scour the bank, sometimes leading to breaches and collapse. A covering of living vegetation, particularly grass, can reduce this risk of water erosion. As part of a project to assess the effectiveness of different management regimes on bank vegetation cover, direct measurements were required of the erodibility of the soil surface. A portable erosion measurement device (EMD) was developed by LAB Coastal with the support of the Environment Agency. This could direct water flowing at known velocities across areas of the flood banks, and it was used to test directly the erosion resistance of vegetated grass banks at three sites. The EMD gave a direct measure of the erodibility of a small sample of flood bank. While measurements of soil strength and assessments of vegetation cover were useful, they did not always correctly characterize the stability of the bank surface as measured directly by the EMD. The EMD and its use are described and the results obtained are discussed. The results indicate that flood banks need to be mown at least once a year to make them less vulnerable to erosion.     

轴流式风力灭火机的研究初探

阐述了国内外便携式风力灭火机的发展现状,同时从灭火性能方面对轴流风机与离心风机的优缺点进行了比较,探讨了研制轴流式风力灭火机存在的问题.     

Detecting endotoxin activity in bovine serum using an automated testing system

The aim of the present study was to compare the ability of the commercially available portable test system (PTS^TM) to detect endotoxin activity in bovine serum, with that of the traditional LAL-kinetic turbidimetric (KT) and chromogenic (KC) assays. Prior to testing, serum samples, which were obtained from endotoxin-challenged cattle, were diluted 1:20 in endotoxin-free water and heated to 80°C for 10 min. The performance of the PTS^TM was not significantly different from that of the traditional LAL-based assays. The results using PTS^TM correlated with those using KT (r²=0.963, P<0.001) or KC assays (r²=0.982, P<0.001). Based on these findings, the PTS^TM could be applied as a simplified system to assess endotoxin activity in bovine serum.     

Water content measurement in black spruce and aspen sapwood with benchtop and portable magnetic resonance devices

Abstract

In this study, water content in black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.) and aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) sapwood samples was investigated with time-domain magnetic resonance (MR). Time-domain MR measurements easily distinguish water in different environments in wood according to the spin-spin relaxation time and provide quantitative information on water content. The MR techniques employed can distinguish and quantify the individual signal components. Both black spruce and aspen have two signal components at moisture contents above the fiber saturation point. These two signal components correspond to motionally restricted water, often referred to as bound water, and unrestricted, or free water. Bound water content is constant above 40% moisture content. No signal from free water was detected at or below 20% moisture content in either species. We also demonstrate the use of a recently developed portable unilateral magnet that can be employed as a powerful tool in the study and measurement of water content in wood.     

基于嗅觉和光谱技术融合的面粉脂肪酸值定量检测

提出了一种基于比色传感器数据和近红外光谱特征融合的储藏期面粉脂肪酸值的定量检测方法。开发比色传感器阵列、搭建便携式近红外光谱测量系统,分别采集不同储藏期面粉样本的比色传感器数据和近红外光谱。利用主成分分析分别对预处理后的比色传感器数据和近红外光谱数据进行特征降维,采用五折交互验证法在反向传播神经网络(BPNN)模型校正过程中进行优化,确定基于单技术分析模型的最佳主成分(PCs)个数。将优化后的基于单技术模型的最佳PCs在特征层进行融合,建立基于融合特征的BPNN分析模型,以实现对面粉储藏过程中脂肪酸值的快速检测。实验结果显示,基于比色传感器特征和基于近红外光谱特征建立的最佳BPNN模型的最佳PCs数量分别为3和4,基于融合特征建立的BPNN模型在预测集中的相关系数和预测均方根误差的均值分别为0.9276和1.9345 mg/(100 g)。研究表明,与单技术数据分析模型相比,基于比色传感器数据和近红外光谱特征融合模型的检测精度和泛化性能都有所提高。本研究可为粮食储藏品质的高精度原位监测提供一种技术方法。     

基于无刷电机控制系统的便携式园林割草机设计

在深入研究我国割草机技术的基础上,设计了简单实用的园林便携式割草机。该割草机采用无刷电动机,与传统有刷电动机相比,其主要技术性能大幅提升。以无刷直流电动机专用驱动芯片IR2130为控制芯片,以功率器件MOSFET为开关器件,可实现对无刷直流电动机的控制。     

用松枝解剖法快速检测松材线虫病原

松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus早期诊断是防治松材线虫病的重要环节.为了在早期快速测定寄主(松树)体内的病原线虫,开发了便携式显微镜和松枝解剖技术.用修枝剪采集松枝,用解剖刀进行松枝切片,再用便携式显微镜镜检,结果显示松枝内松材线虫检出率为70%,其中濒死松树内检出率为100%,局部枯枝内检出率为60%,健康枝内检出率为0.野外松林内鉴定一个样本平均用时2.5 min.使携式显微镜加枝条解剖法能对松材线虫病实施早期快速诊断.表3参25