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1.
N. MØLLER ANDERSEN 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》1991,103(1):21-60
Five species of sea skaters, genus Halobates Eschscholtz, are the only insects to have successfully colonized the open ocean. In addition, 36 species are found in sheltered coastal waters throughout tropical Indo-Pacific. The taxonomy of the genus is relatively well known, but reliable hypotheses about phylogenetic relationships are required if the biogeography and evolution of sea skaters is to be discussed in a meaningful way. This work presents the results of a study of new characters from the genital segments, especially those of the male phallus and the female gynatrial complex, and a reinterpretation for several other characters. In total 64 characters were scored for 26 species of Halobates , two species ofAsclepios and one species of Metrocoris. With Asclepios and Metrocoris species as outgroups, the character state sets were analysed cladistically using the computer program Hennig86. After critical evaluations of both characters and clades, a phylogeny for Halobates is presented and its taxonomic implications are discussed. A number of monophyletic species groups are delimited. One genus-level synonymy and three species-level synonymies are suggested. The evolution of Halobates is discussed in the light of the reconstructed phylogeny and present knowledge of the ecology and behaviour of sea skaters. A hypothesis of ecological evolution in halobatine water striders is proposed and tested. 相似文献
2.
Eric Guilbert 《Australian Journal of Entomology》1999,38(1):15-15
Cephalidiosus is proposed as a replacement name for Stenotrachelus Guilbert, a genus of Tingidae from New Caledonia. New combinations are Cephalidiosus megapharsus (Guilbert) and Cephalidiosus mesopharsus (Guilbert). 相似文献
3.
The structure and composition of Hemiptera communities of tropical rain forest in Dumoga-Bone National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia were investigated over a 1-year period. The aim was to investigate the extent to which insect samples, obtained using six different techniques, were representative of the whole community, and to explore temporal and spatial variation in Hemiptera community composition. Sampling techniques employed were Rothamsted light trapping, canopy fogging, malaise trapping at both ground and canopy level, flight interception trapping and yellow water pan trapping. Overlap between faunas collected using different techniques was surprisingly low emphasizing the limitations of using any single method to sample and thereby describe the Hemiptera community. Differences were observed at the species, family and suborder levels. Similarly, there were major differences in faunal composition between sites and diversity appeared to peak at elevations between 600–1000 m. Seasonal changes were also significant but generally lower than between methods or sites. Results are discussed in relation to factors such as food availability and host specialization and the efficacy of each sampling method is reviewed in relation to the biology of the different Hemiptera groups and the composition of the samples obtained. 相似文献
4.
Miyamoto于1987年将Apolygus China提升为独立的属,但其他作者仍将其作为丽盲蝽属Lygocoris Reuter的一个亚属,作者认为Miyamoto的意见更为合理。本文记述了产于中国的后丽盲蝽属4新种。标本度量单位均为mm。模式标本除注明者外,均保存于面开大学生物系。 相似文献
5.
P. G. Allsopp 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1991,60(3):213-218
The between-stalk dispersion characteristics of adults of the pink sugarcane mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) were determined in southern Queensland. Iwao's patchiness regression was inappropriate to describe the relationship between mean and variance. Taylor's power law indicated that adults were aggregated, especially at the beginning and end of the ratoon growth period. Binomial data were modelled by the Nachman model; the model of Grout and two models of Wilson & Room were inappropriate to describe the relationship between proportion of stalks infested and mean numbers of adults per stalk. Relationships to determine sample sizes for fixed levels of precision and binomial fixed-precision-level stop lines are developed for different sampling times using Taylor's power law and Nachman's equation. 相似文献
6.
Danielle M. Kirkpatrick Kevin B. Rice Aya Ibrahim William R. Morrison Tracy C. Leskey 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2019,167(12):1020-1029
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a polyphagous invasive insect and currently one of the most threatening agricultural pests in the USA and globally. Nymphs are highly mobile, moving among host plants, and causing significant damage. Thus, understanding dispersal biology for all life stages is critical for the development of reliable monitoring and management programs. Here, we evaluated the influence of harmonic radar as a tool to study dispersal ecology of nymphal H. halys; we measured the impact of glues and tag attachment on survivorship and mobility in the laboratory and validated in the field that tagged and released nymphs could be tracked on baited and unbaited host and non‐host plants using harmonic radar. In the laboratory, four glues were evaluated for attaching harmonic radar tags securely to nymphs, and survivorship with attached tags was measured. There were no significant differences in survivorship or vertical and horizontal movement among nymphs with tags affixed with the glue treatments compared with the untagged control. Based on numerically greater survivorship of nymphs with tags affixed with Loctite glass glue, a field validation study of tagged nymphs released in host (apple tree) and non‐host (mowed grass) with or without H. halys pheromonal stimuli present revealed that nymphs could be successfully relocated using harmonic radar after 48 h. Among treatments, 83% of nymphs remained in baited and unbaited apple trees, 50% of nymphs remained in baited mowed grass plots, and in unbaited mowed grass plots, 17% of fifth instars, and 0% of fourth instars were retained. The absence of negative effects on mobility, survivorship, and field tracking validates that harmonic radar can be used to study dispersal ecology of nymphal H. halys. 相似文献
7.
五种真蝽(Pentatoma Olivier) mtDNA-COII基因序列分析及系统发育关系初探(半翅目:蝽科) 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
测定并比较分析了真蝽属(Pentatoma)5种昆虫:褐真蝽P.semiannulata、斜纹真蝽P.illuminata、红足真蝽P.rufipes、H本真蝽P.japonica和金绿真蝽P.metallifera以及益蝽亚科2种外群种类(并蝽Pinthaeus humeralis和蠋蝽Arma custos)mtDNA—COII基因部分序列,依据分子数据建立了该5种昆虫的系统发育关系。结果显示,5种真蝽COII基因A T平均含量(73%)高丁弹尾目、缨尾目和直翅目昆虫,低于双翅目、鳞翅目及膜翅目昆虫,而与缨翅目的蓟马和半翅目的突角长蝽Oncopeltus fasciatus非常接近。系统发育结果显示,红足真蝽与日本真蝽亲缘关系最近,形成一个姊妹群,斜纹真蝽与金绿真蝽亲缘关系较近,也形成一个姊妹群,褐真蝽为较早分化的种类。 相似文献
8.
半翅目鞘喙亚目是一类具有重要演化意义的昆虫。该亚目包括三个科:鞘喙蝽科(Peloridiidae)和卡拉蝽科(Karabasiidae)同属于鞘喙蝽总科;原臭虫科(Progonocimicidae)属于原臭虫总科。鞘喙蝽科是唯一的现生类群,孑遗于南半球。卡拉蝽科化石较丰富,但只发现于中亚、西伯利亚和蒙古中生代地层。本文... 相似文献
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