高温多雨地区高等级沥青路面材料的分析与应用措施

针对南方高温多雨地区的气候特点 ,为解决沥青混凝土路面修筑后的高温稳定性和水稳定性这两个突出的问题 ,依据本单位的一个工程实践 ,从集料、沥青、级配设计、施工工艺等方面进行了系统的分析与阐述。说明高温多雨地区高等级沥青路面只要材料科学选择、严格控制、应用措施得当 ,质量是能够达到规范要求的     

华西雨屏区不同人工植被类型下土壤氮库及其有效性

为了解华西雨屏区人工植被类型对土壤氮库及其有效性的影响，选取华西雨屏区7种典型人工植被类型：橘树（Glycosmis cochinchinensi5）迹地、橘树林地、巨桉（Eucalyptus grandis）林地、玉米（Zeamays）地、香樟（Cinnamonum camphora）林地、柚子（Citrus mnxima）林地和桃树（Pmnnus persica）林地，于2010年7月分别采集土壤根层与根下层原状土样，分析其氮库及有效性。结果表明，华西雨屏区几种典型人工植被类型均表现出较大的氮库特征，但不同人工植被类型间具有较大的差异。相对于其他植被类型，玉米地根层和根下层土壤氮库均相对较小，而橘树、柚子和桃树林地根层土壤氮库相对较大，巨桉、香樟和桃树林地根下层土壤氮库相对较大。然而，玉米地具有较高的根层土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量，但巨桉林地具有较低的根下层土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量。这些结果为区域氮素合理利用、土地利用结构调整以及生态环境建设提供了一定理论依据。     

芒果贮藏性初探

以干旱雷州半岛西海岸和多雨湛江市郊两地的芒果产品进行贮藏试验，发现干旱地区芒果的生理生化的变化和降解比雨多地区的缓慢，前者发病率低和贮藏寿命较长．初步认为开花至收获期间干旱是主要因素．     

Seasonal transition and its boundary layer characteristics in Anduo area of Tibetan Plateau

Using the data, especially the GPS rawinsode data, observed in Anduo area of the Tibetan Plateau during the intensive observation period of GAME/Tibet in 1998, the transition from the dry to the rainy season along with their boundary layer characteristics is analyzed comprehensively. The result shows that the formation of the rainy season in Anduo area is related closely to the general atmospheric circulation. The westerly belt moving north and the southeast damp current are basic conditions for development of the rainy season in Anduo area. In the dry season, the air is drier, air temperature higher, and the atmospheric boundary layer is strongly developed to cause its maximum height to reach about 3550 m. Moreover the sensible heat flux is dominant, and the latent heat flux is small in the interaction of land-atmosphere energy exchange, and a reverse humidity phenomenon occurs frequently. In the rainy season, the air is damper, air temperature lower, and the ABL height, with maximum of only about 2300 m, is lower. And the sensible heat flux becomes much smaller, the latent heat flux much larger in the interaction of land-atmosphere energy exchange. The reverse humidity phenomenon disappears.     

The least-square method in complex number domain

The classical least-square method was extended from the real number into the complex number domain, which is called the complex least-square method. The mathematical derivation and its applications show that the complex least-square method is different from one that the real number and the imaginary number are separately calculated with the classical least-square, by which the actual least-square estimation cannot be obtained in practice. Applications of this new method to an arbitrarily given series and to the precipitation in rainy season at 160 meteorological stations in China mainland show advantages of this method over other conventional statistical models.     

雨天图像中目标显著性检测算法设计与效果评价

雨天条件下,图像中目标的许多特征被掩盖,使得户外图像应用系统效能发挥受到严重的影响。为了提高雨天条件下图像中目标检测的质量,通过综合分析雨天图像中的目标特征,发现其亮度颜色信息、色彩差异信息和暗通道先验信息对目标的显著性具有高敏感度,进而提取了雨天图像中目标的显著性特征,构建了基于混合特征的目标显著性检测模型,最后通过多个评价指标的效能评估实验,与经典算法进行对比,验证了本文算法的有效性。     

亚洲季风区平均雨季起始期的时空分布特征

 利用1961~1990年平均的降水资料,计算了亚洲季风区内91个测站的相对降水指数.在定义相对降水指数大于147作为雨季开始的标志后发现,亚洲季风区中最早进入雨季的地区位于青藏高原东南侧的纵向岭谷北部地区.该地区在3月份进入雨季,即纵向岭谷北部地区著名的“桃花汛”.在此基础上初步讨论了“桃花汛”形成的原因是由于青藏高原大地形作用下,暖湿西南气流沿纵向岭谷向着低纬高原的爬坡抬升作用,结合来自青藏高原的偏北气流带下的冷平流沿纵向河谷的下楔作用最终导致了该地区雨季的开始.     

Modeling impacts of East Asian Ocean-Land thermal contrast on spring southwesterly winds and rainfall in eastern China

Using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCEP–NCAR） reanalysis dataset, the NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center’s merged analysis of precipitation, and the MM5v3 Meso-scale Model, the impacts of surface temperature differences between the East Asian land and its adjacent oceans on spring southwesterly winds and rainfall over eastern China are studied. The modeling results show that the temperature differences exert strong influence on the occurrence of the southwesterly winds and rainfall over southern China and their northward advances. When surface temperature increases over the land and decreases over the oceans, the temperature gradient with a winter feature earlier changes toward the gradient with a summer feature. Both the low-pressure system east of the Tibetan Plateau and the subtropical high-pressure system over the western Pacific strengthen, accompanying with the strengthening of the lower-tropospheric southwesterly winds over eastern China. Accordingly, the upward motion increases over the Yangtze-Huaihe River （YHR） valleys and decreases over southern China, leading to an increase of spring rainfall over the YHR valleys and a decrease over southern China. Thus, the rain belt over eastern China appears over the YHR valleys but not over southern China. Under a weaker condition of the spring thermal contrast, the rain belt does not occur over eastern China. When the spring thermal contrast pronouncedly strengthens, the rain belt over southern China may advance northward into the YHR valleys during spring, though there is no onset of the tropical monsoon over the South China Sea. This forms a rain belt similar to that of the YHR valleys during the summer Meiyu period.     

夏季风建立期间低层流场的变化及其与中国雨带活动的关系

本利用多年欧洲中心格点风和中国降水资料，分析了夏季风建立期间，亚洲南部及其邻近海域上低层流场的变化和雨带在中国南方的活动。结果表明，夏季风于5月中在南海地区建立。低层流场的变化主要表现为副热带高压脊从南海的东撤和气旋性气流切变线从中国西南向华南沿海的东伸。相应地，雨带有一次从南移转向北推的过程。由于5月份中南半岛－南海区域一直为西南气流所影响，因此，很难从风向来判断气流性质的变化，相对而言，雨带北移能更好地反映出夏季风向北扩散的地理位置。     

Some traits of low temperature germplasm wheat under extremely unfavorable weather conditions

Through a long-term observation on the canopy temperature and some traits of wheat the temperature germplasm of wheat was found to result in the wheats having either a high or a low plant temperature. Under normal weather conditions, the wheat having a low temperature germplasm (LTG) demonstrated several advantageous physiologi-cal and agronomic traits than those having a high temperature germplasm (HTG). Under the extremely unfavorableweather conditions, such as rainy weather or severe drought, LTG wheat still could maintain its superiority to HTG wheat in physiological and agronomic traits including leaf functional duration, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde content, transpiration rate, net photosynthesis rate, root vitality and kernel plumpness. The wide adaptability of LTG wheat to awide range of meteoro-ecological conditions could provide a valuable germplasm in breeding of good strains with broad-spectrum stress resistance.