New findings of Hexalona-branch representatives in Brazil,with a description of Prenda gen. nov. (Crustacea: Anomopoda: Aloninae)

Altogether, Coronatella and Hexalona-branches are considered the main lineages of Aloninae – a subfamily of common bottom-dwelling microcrustaceans in freshwater environments. Although the taxonomic features of Brazilian members of the Hexalona-branch have been summarised for species from the costata-group and affinis-group, a revision of other widely distributed species in the world is still lacking in this country. The aim of this paper was to study the morphology of Brazilian populations from the guttata-group and intermedia-group, and to describe a new genus from the Hexalona-branch. The parthenogenetic females of Alona cf. guttata from Brazil have similar morphology when compared to data from the literature, but the armature of the terminal claw of its males seems to be different from those of Alona guttata sensu stricto, Alona barbulata and Alona werestschagini. The intermedia-group is formed by Alona elisae sp. nov., which seems to be endemic to the Cerrado of Brazil Central, and Alona isabellae sp. nov., which is widely distributed in Brazil; this species has a labral keel armed with 2–4 setulae, and postabdomen with setulae of lateral fascicles longer than the level of marginal denticles, morphological traits that differentiate it from Alona elisae sp. nov. Another endemic species from the Hexalona-branch is Prenda arvensis gen. nov. and sp. nov., which has two main head pores, a reduced seta on endite 1 of the first limb, sixth limb is a wide lobe. The potential of biodiversity from the Hexalona-branch from Brazil is still underestimated, and a global revision of the guttata-group and intermedia-group is very important for the progress of Aloninae taxonomy and systematics.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0A2E4A30-0C9C-43E8-8E72-1DEDA6AFF3C3     

基于改进Sobel算法的焊缝X射线图像气孔识别方法

提出一种具有自适应能力的焊缝X射线图像气孔检测方法.通过局部动态阈值分割法设计了多方向的焊缝X射线图像模板,采用Sobel算法对复杂背景下的焊缝进行边缘检测和区域标记,并在标记区域对原始图像x和y方向的灰度梯度进行分析,以增强小气孔和粘连气孔的识别能力.检测应用效果表明,所提出的方法具有良好的自适应能力且准确快速,能够有效地克服人工评片中产生的漏判与误判等缺点,并且能够存储和查询检测数据.     

The equilibrium between diagenetic calcites and dolomites and its impact on reservoir quality in the sandstone reservoir of Kela 2 gas field

Based on the equilibrium theory of chemical reactions between water and rocks,this paper establishes a thermodynamic phase relationship diagram among calcites,dolomites and water solution under the condition of diagenesis based on the thermodynamic database of related minerals and fluids and dolomite's degree of order parameters.It has been discovered that the equilibrium between calcites and dolomites in the diagenetic environment is strongly impacted by temperature and the Ca/Mg ratios in groundwater,and that the dolomite's degree of order in the diagenetic environment is a function of crystallization temperature and time,not controlled by water solution.Hereby,the authors make a further analysis of the close relationship of chemical reaction between carbonate cements and pore water in the sandstone reservoirs of Kala 2 gas field in Kuche sag.It can be seen that there are different impacts on sandstone reservoir quality among the equilibrium system of calcites,dolomites and pore water at different depths of reservoirs.     

储层孔隙结构特征及其对开发的影响-以辽河盆地西部凹陷某试验区于楼油层为例

以辽河盆地西部凹陷某试验区为例,综合7口取心井岩心、镜下薄片、分析测试以及400口井测井精细解释储层物性等多种资料,从微观和宏观角度对稠油热采储层孔隙结构进行研究。研究区储层为高孔高渗,平均孔隙度31.25%,平均渗透率1 829.3 md。从微观成因角度,将研究区目的层孔隙结构划分为原生孔隙和次生孔隙等2大类,同时进一步细分为粒间孔隙、粒内孔隙、基质内微孔、解理缝、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、特大溶蚀粒间孔、构造缝和溶蚀缝等10种亚类,其中以粒间孔隙和粒间溶孔为主。宏观上,基于精细测井解释资料,绘制了不同单层孔隙结构分布特征图。高孔隙度的区域主要呈北西-南东向条带状分布与水下分流河道主流线部位,指示孔隙度主要受沉积微相控制。在蒸汽吞吐转蒸汽驱开发方式转换时,应该充分考虑储层孔隙度的影响作用,在保证注汽井和采油井位于孔隙度高值区与的同时,应该尽量使得同一井组位于高孔隙度连片区域,已取得最好的注采对应效果。同时应该适当控制注入压力,防止蒸汽沿着高孔隙度发育条带突进,从而降低波及体积和提高石油采收率。     

徐家围子断陷营四段深层砾岩储层成岩作用研究

通过钻井取芯分析测试、岩石薄片和扫描电镜观察手段,对徐家围子断陷营四段砾岩储层成岩作用特征进行研究。结果表明,徐家围子断陷营四段砾岩储层经历了强烈的压实压溶、胶结作用、复杂的交代作用和多期次的溶解作用。压实和胶结作用是降低储层物性的主要因素,溶解作用形成的次生孔隙是改善储层物性最重要的因素。根据砾岩中自生矿物的分布特征、黏土矿物的组合特征、镜质体反射率等资料分析,认为徐家围子断陷营四段砾岩成岩作用强烈,已经进入晚成岩作用阶段。     

川东北地区须三段钙屑砂岩储层特征及控制因素

近两年川东北地区西北部多口井须家河组三段钙屑砂岩测试段获工业气流,表明了研究区储层的含气性及局
部具备油气富集高产的地质条件。通过储层岩性类型、储集空间、物性、电性等特征进行综合分析,得出结论为：主要
储层岩性类型为钙屑砂岩,常伴有微裂缝;储集空间类型多样,主要为残余原生粒间孔、次生溶蚀孔和裂缝;储层表现
为低孔、低渗特征;储层电阻率高,主要原因是碳酸盐岩含量高;储层测井响应为“三低、一高、一降低”,即伽马低值、
声波低值,中子低值,电阻率高值,在高阻的背景下深浅电阻率有所降低。研究区优质钙屑砂岩储层受储集层发育的
有利沉积微相、溶蚀作用、构造裂缝以及一定的储层厚度等综合因素控制。辫状河道、水下分流河道沉积为储层最有
利的沉积相带;在成岩过程发生的溶蚀作用和多期次的断裂影响下形成的构造裂缝都极大地改善了储层的渗透性;一
定厚度的储层改善了裂缝的连通系统。     

河北省煤储层物性特征分析

根据煤田地质勘探实测资料,结合汞孔径测试、扫描电镜显微裂隙观测、煤层气试井分析成果及等温吸附曲线,分析河北省煤储层物性特征。结果显示：煤层饱和吸附量受煤级控制,煤级增加,吸附能力增大;随煤层埋深增加,煤层含气量和甲烷体积分数均呈增大趋势;中孔在褐煤中比较发育,而在其他煤级中例外;储层中宏观裂隙与宏观煤岩类型关系密切;显微裂隙发育程度镜煤好于亮煤,低煤级煤好于高煤级煤;峰峰、万全、大城矿区试井渗透率较高,开平煤田不同地区煤储层渗透性变化较大。该研究为河北省煤层气的合理开发提供了依据。     

黔东三都-丹寨地区寒武系斜坡相碳酸盐岩的储集性

贵州省东部三都、丹寨地区中上寒武统富藻碳酸盐岩是典型的斜坡沉积, 其在沉积后漫长的地质历史时期内,经受了诸多成岩环境的改造,发生了极大的成岩变化,最大的成岩变化为咸水云化,其他的成岩作用有压实作用、重结晶作用、压溶作用、有机溶解作用、埋藏云化作用、胶结作用及硅化作用等。成岩作用不仅使岩石（或沉积物）的矿物成分、结构组分、构造等发生程度不同的变化,更重要的是使原岩的储集性能发生很大的变化,即对原生孔隙或堵塞、或残留、或扩大,而且还可产生一系列的成岩孔缝（次生孔缝）,这些次生孔、缝对岩石储集性的良化,尤其是对碳酸盐岩是至关重要的。由于斜坡沉积埋藏速度快,较快进入埋藏成岩环境,所以深溶作用（有机溶解作用）是该地区最主要的成孔成岩作用,所不同的是：丹寨剖面该种作用较强,而且孔内大部分灌入沥青,充分说明其是聚集期孔隙;而三都剖面这种孔隙相对较少。总之,这些富藻的斜坡相碳酸盐岩经过埋藏溶解作用而形成与沥青伴生的各种溶孔,从而使岩层具有较好的含油气性。     

山西省煤层气储层特征

介绍了山西省煤层气研究与勘探工作现状，从煤体特征、煤的生烃演化、孔隙特征、渗透性和储层压力、吸附与解吸特征、含气性等方面详细论述了煤层气储层特征。     

The equilibrium between diagenetic calcites and dolomites and its impact on reservoir quality in the sandstone reservoir of Kela 2 gas field

Based on the equilibrium theory of chemical reactions between water and rocks, this paper establishes a thermodynamic phase relationship diagram among calcites, dolomites and water solution under the condition of diagenesis based on the thermodynamic database of related minerals and fluids and dolomite’s degree of order parameters. It has been discovered that the equilibrium between calcites and dolomites in the diagenetic environment is strongly impacted by temperature and the Ca/Mg ratios in groundwater, and that the dolomite’s degree of order in the diagenetic environment is a function of crystallization temperature and time, not controlled by water solution. Hereby, the authors make a further analysis of the close relationship of chemical reaction between carbonate cements and pore water in the sandstone reservoirs of Kala 2 gas field in Kuche sag. It can be seen that there are different impacts on sandstone reservoir quality among the equilibrium system of calcites, dolomites and pore water at different depths of reservoirs.