Ranging behaviour of the invasive crayfish,Procambarus clarkii (Girard)

The spreading of the invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii throughout the world is attributed to human introductions; however, the rapid and widespread diffusion of the species following its establishment is the result of its dispersal capabilities. This study aimed to provide further information for the comprehension of the invasive potential of this crayfish by underlining some aspects of its behavioural flexibility. Radio-telemetry was used to analyse locomotion, home-range faithfulness and dispersal of the species in an Italian irrigation ditch system. Space was used differently by the two sexes, females being more nomadic in their ranging behaviour probably due to their reproductive phase. In addition, an inter-individual variability was found in both speed of locomotion and dispersal pattern. By applying a simulation model, it was shown that (1) both sexes disperse, and (2) ranging behaviour is not the result of a passive dispersion, but that the occupancy of burrows may affect the rate of dispersion. Finally, an intra-individual variability is related to the occurrence of two spatial strategies within the same population.     

In vivo inhibition by dopamine of 5-hydroxytryptamine-stimulated ovarian maturation in the red swamp crayfish,Procambarus clarkii

In vivo dopamine antagonizes the ovary-stimulating action of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the red swamp crayfish,Procambarus clarkii.     

已交配雌性克氏原螯虾的择偶行为

动物在繁殖期间会随自身繁殖状态的变化而调整择偶行为,这会导致它们择偶的多样性.本文研究具交配经验的雌性克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)在Y型水迷宫中对不同婚配状态的潜在配偶的择偶行为.雌虾对空白与原配、童子、非童子3种信息源虾的访问总时间P值均小于0.05,结果表明雌性克氏原螯虾与原交配雄体有再次交配的显著倾向,对该现象本文从螯虾繁殖成功率方面进行了探讨;面对3种信息源虾的选择差异性的P值均大于0.05,表明雌虾不区分潜在配偶的婚配状态,本文就螯虾的择偶偏好进行了讨论,此外对螯虾定向配种方面的应用进行了初步探讨.本研究以期为克氏原螯虾的繁殖行为学的理论研究及生产实践积累具参考意义的基础数据.     

3种中草药对克氏原螯虾抗菌活性的影响

将陈皮、甘草、淫羊藿3种中草药粉碎过筛后,再用醇提法分别提取其有效成分,将其制备出的浓缩液按质量分数5%的比例添加于基础饲料中制成颗粒药饵投喂克氏原螯虾,以基础饲料为对照组,研究3种中草药对克氏原螯虾抗菌活性的影响。结果表明,3种中草药能有效地抑制大肠杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶壁微球菌。其中,甘草、成皮和淫羊藿对4种细菌的平均抑菌率达到59.14%、47.53%和48.65%。实验证明,甘草、陈皮和淫羊藿这3种中草药均能不同程度地激活克氏原螯虾的免疫力,可以作为免疫增强剂应用于克氏原螯虾的生产。     

螯虾尾神经节光敏神经元反应的适应特性及信号通路检测

520nm光照诱发克氏原螯虾尾神经节光敏神经元反应,发现2min后出现明显适应现象。适应期间,用550nm检测光刺激引起的效应随适应发展逐渐减弱。胞外高［Mg²⁺]不抑制此光敏反应;高［Mg²⁺］、高［Ca²⁺］均显著增加适应速率;低［Na⁺］显著降低适应速率,但能被胞外高［Ca²⁺］所拮抗。检测光敏神经元的上行传入通路,未见通过下咽神经节,提示可能有中枢启动运动反射环路。统计239例成体螯虾光敏神经元反应检出率,提示在发育过程中存在作为光感受器的光敏及适应潜能的保留或消亡机制。     

In vitro inhibition by dopamine of 5-hydroxytryptamine-stimulated ovarian maturation in the red swamp crayfish,Procambarus clarkii

Dopamine inhibits 5-hydroxytryptamine-stimulated maturation of the ovaries of the red swamp crayfish,Procambarus clarkii, in vitro just as it does in vivo. This in vitro inhibition appears to be due to inhibition of release of the gonad-stimulating hormone from the brain and thoracic ganglia. However, it is possible that in vivo dopamine also triggers release of the gonad-inhibiting hormone.     

克氏原螯虾触角腺的组织学研究

本文利用石蜡切片技术对克氏原螯虾触角腺进行了组织学研究，结果表明，克氏原螯虾触角腺可分为端囊、迷路和肾管三部分，端囊部分的细胞呈柱状，细胞核位于基部；迷路部分细胞也呈柱状，其顶端具刷状缘，核位于细胞的基部或中部，迷路部分可分为二个亚区；肾管部分的细胞呈柱状或较为扁平，核位于细胞的中部或靠近细胞顶端，肾管部分可分为三个不同亚区。     

克氏原螯虾(Procambius clarkii)卵黄蛋白的部分生化性质

通过电泳回收的方法对克氏原螯虾(Procambius clarkii)的卵黄蛋白进行了纯化,鉴定结果显示总分子质量为481 ku,具有6个亚基(198,176,132,111,92,82 ku);染色分析表明该蛋白是一种糖脂磷类胡萝卜素蛋白,亚基之间有1个二硫键交联.     

克氏原螯虾营养与饲料的研究进展

克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)是我国重要的水产养殖品种之一,具有较高的经济价值和营养价值。综述近几年克氏原螯虾蛋白质、脂质、维生素、微量元素等营养素需求及饲料开发研究进展,为全面、深入开展克氏原螯虾营养需求研究,高效环保饲料开发及其产业化提供重要的科学依据。     

克氏原螯虾原肌球蛋白的纯化及过敏原性分析

以13份甲壳类动物过敏患者血清的Western—blotting分析,确定克氏原螯虾主要过敏原为36ku蛋白质．通过盐析、等电点沉淀及热处理等方法纯化该蛋白质,以兔抗拟穴青蟹原肌球蛋白（Tropo-myosin,TM）多克隆抗体的Western—blotting分析,确定该蛋白质为TM．同源性分析表明,克氏原螯虾TM与南美白对虾TM、拟穴青蟹的氨基酸序列相似性较高（〉90％）．酶切位点预测显示,它分别有49个胰蛋白酶和6个胰凝乳蛋白酶的酶切位点．模拟胃肠液消化实验结果显示,纯化TM不易被胃蛋白酶降解,易于被胰蛋白酶和胰凝乳蛋白酶降解,进一步的Western—blotting和抑制性ELISA分析结果显示,其消化产物仍具有一定的免疫活性．采用蒸煮处理可降低TM的消化稳定性及免疫活性,且蒸煮处理时间越长,效果越显著．说明。TM为克氏原螯虾主要过敏原．与其他甲壳娄动物TM的序列相似件较高．