南方三棘果的形态特征与危害特性研究

通过对南方三棘果的植株、花果、种子的形态特征,分布和主要危害的研究,为口岸制订危险性杂草南方三棘果的实验室检疫鉴定方法,提高检出率,防止其传入、传播、扩散,为口岸快速、准确的检疫鉴定提供资料依据。     

南方菟丝子水溶性成分的研究

采用Sephadex LH-20、RP-18反相柱、MCI和硅胶层析方法对南方菟丝子全草的化学成分进行分离纯化，运用现代波谱技术鉴定TZ个化合物：表儿茶素、刺五加-O-β—D-葡萄糖甙和Roseoside I。     

Novel compound specified in dune reed (Phragmites communis Trin.) and its possible role as a protectant on the chloroplasts under stress

A small solute has been obtained with column chromatography, which only exists and accumulates in the leaves of dune reed in northwest China's desert region. Its unique polyamine and aromatic features are quite different from those well-known ones accumulated under stresses. The natural quantity of the solute is strikingly proportional to the level of local high temperature, and a large section is distributed in the photosynthetic chloroplasts. Under lab conditions, we have proved that the solute plays a role in protecting or conserving chloroplasts under heat stress. So it is reasonable to suppose that the high resistance of dune reed to environmental high temperature and/or drought is at least partially due to the accumulation of this unique solute.     

Organisms using Phragmites australis are diverse and similar on three continents

ABSTRACT

Common reed (Phragmites australis) is one of the most widely distributed, most abundant, and best-studied vascular plants worldwide but there has been no broad comparison of reed-associated biota on different continents. A survey of observational data on (mostly terrestrial) organisms using P. australis reedbeds revealed diverse biotas and some strong relationships to Phragmites in North America, Europe, and sub-Saharan Africa. I present examples for a selected group of 29 habitat functions (i.e., features of the reed plant or reedbed used in particular ways by groups of organisms). These functions include animals eating certain parts of reed, birds roosting in reedbeds, and insects mining within reed leaf blades. The diversity of reed users (associated species) and the similarities in habitat functions in biogeographically distinct world regions suggest a fundamental character of reed ecological relationships related to the large size, extensive stands, high productivity, deep litter layers, and other traits of reed. The data also underline the general importance of reed for biodiversity support, although on all three continents reed is considered desirable or undesirable depending on the site character and management goals. Managers can consider reed habitat functions and user guilds to prioritise and design management approaches and predict outcomes of conservation, management, or other environmental changes affecting reedbeds and their users, whether native or introduced, over-abundant or under-abundant.     

采用正交设计和响应曲面设计法优化芦苇随机扩增多态DNA体系

采用正交设计和响应曲面设计(RSD)优化适合于芦苇[Phragmites australis (Cav.)Trin.ex steud]增多态DNA(RAPD)的反应体系,结果确定芦苇RAPD反应体系的最佳方案为：在PCR扩增程序,冷启动,94℃变性1min,36℃复性90s,72℃延伸2min,40个循环;72℃延伸7min,4℃保存;25μl反应体系包括模板DNA 60ng、三磷酸脱氧核苷酸(dNTP)7．5mmol、Taq酶1．5u、引物5pmol。     

芦苇的起源、扩张与衰退

芦苇是世界重要的湿地物种,它是一种对环境干扰表现十分敏感的克隆植物。本文综述了芦苇的起源、扩张与衰退,并进一步探讨了芦苇扩张与衰退的原因可能是由于人为的干扰与更有竞争力的基因型侵入造成的。为了更好的利用芦苇资源,人类应采取的策略是最大限度地减少对芦苇生境的干扰。     

不同水分生境下铅胁迫对芦苇地下芽及其输出子株能力的影响

为明确铅胁迫对不同水分生境条件下芦苇的不同克隆繁殖构件数量和繁殖能力的影响,从芽库和子株角度,采用盆栽实验模拟芦苇的水层和干旱生境,设置五个梯度的铅胁迫浓度处理(0、500、1500、3000和4500mg·kg~(-1))进行了研究.结果表明:分蘖节芽数在水层生境中,处理前期随着铅胁迫浓度的增加而显著减少,而在处理中期和后期却均显著增加,在干旱生境中处理前、中、后期铅胁迫对分蘖节芽数无显著影响.根茎节芽、根茎顶芽和总芽数无论是在水层生境还是在干旱生境,均随着铅胁迫浓度的增加而显著减少.分蘖节子株数在水层生境中,处理前期随着铅胁迫浓度的增加而显著减少,而在处理中期和后期却无显著变化,在干旱生境中随着铅胁迫浓度的增加而显著减少.根茎节子株不存在,根茎顶子株无论是在水层生境还是在干旱生境,均随着铅胁迫浓度的增加而显著减少.总子株数在水层生境中处理中期显著减少,处理后期无显著变化,在干旱生境中处理中期和后期均显著减少,并且总芽数+总子株数在胁迫前期和中期随铅胁迫浓度的增加显著减少.说明不同类型芽具有不同的抵御铅胁迫的策略,分蘖节芽采取了耐性策略而不受影响甚至增加,其他类型的芽采取了逃避策略数量减少;水生生境的芦苇具有逐步适应铅胁迫的能力,并出现了补偿生长效应,而干旱生境进一步加剧了铅胁迫的作用,铅胁迫和干旱具有协同效应.     

闽江河口湿地土壤甲烷产生潜力动态及对氮输入的响应

采用室内厌氧培养法,对闽江河口芦苇与成草湿地土壤甲烷产生潜力动态及外源氮输入的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,芦苇湿地与成草湿地土壤甲烷产生潜力最大值均出现在培养后第5d;季节变化的最高值分别出现在9月和12月,最低值均为7月;外源氮输入对成草湿地土壤甲烷产生潜力具有抑制作用,并与对照土壤甲烷产生潜力差异显著（P〈0．05）。图3,参27。     

不同胁迫条件下芦苇对污染物的去除及其生长响应研究

芦苇是常见的挺水湿地植物,研究其对不同类型的污染环境修复能力以及生长响应具有重要意义.本实验通过模拟受到重金属、富营养化及营养匮乏胁迫的芦苇湿地系统,对芦苇的鲜重变化、污染物去除、根际微生物种类及多样性,以及污染净化与芦苇蒸腾之间的关系进行研究.结果表明,芦苇是一种优良的重金属去除植物,对Mn—Ni—Cu—Zn—Cd复合金属污染的去除比例平均达到77.15%(其中Mn 90.01%,Ni 59.03%,Cu 90.17%,Zn68.37%,Cd 78.16%),总的去除效率达到2.015 mmol m-2d-1(其中Mn 1.001mmol m-2d-1、Ni 0.063 mmol·m-2·d-1、Cu 0.224 mmol·m-2·d-1、Zn 0.718 mmol·m-2·d-1、Cd 0.009 mmol·m-2·d-1);对营养类污染物(TN、NH3-N、TP)的去除比例平均达到27.36%(其中P 17.43%,TN 37.29%,NH3-N 70.08%),对氮—磷的总去除效率达到15.892 mmol·m-2·d-1(其中TN 15.539 mmol·m-2·d-1、TP 0.353 mmol·m-2·d-1,另外对NH3-N的去除效率为10.689 mmol·m-2·d-1);无论是氮、磷还是重金属的去除,都与芦苇蒸腾呈正关联.通过对芦苇根际水样的PCRDGGE分析,发现在不同的胁迫生境中,芦苇根际的优势细菌在种类上差异明显,在多样性指数上也有较大差别:营养匮乏胁迫(蒸馏水培养)生境的多样性指数最高(1.538),富营养化生境处理次之(1.517),重金属胁迫生境最低(1.498).     

白洋淀湿地芦苇全氮含量的季节动态变化

为了解湿地植物氮素在各器官中的分布特征,探讨湿地植物组织器官氮含量变化对湿地生态系统氮循环的影响,以白洋淀湿地典型植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)为研究对象,分析了芦苇各部位器官中全氮含量的变化特征.研究结果表明,芦苇地上器官叶片、地上茎和叶鞘的全氮含量随季节变化呈指数下降,在4月份最高,分别为(43.07±2.66),(27.40±4.04),(20.04±3.10)g/kg;而根状茎则呈先减后增再减的动态变化趋势,最大值出现在8月,为(13.34±5.07)g/kg.芦苇地下器官氮积累量大于地上器官.各月份芦苇叶片氮积累量高于叶鞘全氮含量,根状茎氮积累量高于地上茎.