p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶在小鼠T细胞增殖中的作用

目的:了解p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)在ConA刺激下小鼠T细胞增殖中的作用。方法:以活体染料羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯染色,建立了在多克隆刺激剂刀豆蛋白A(ConA)刺激下评价小鼠T细胞增殖的模型,通过流式细胞术分析p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶的特异性抑制剂SB203580在不同剂量、不同时间对T细胞增殖的作用,并应用CellQuest和SPSS10.0 forW indows软件分析增殖细胞各代所占比例和增殖指数(PI)。结果:羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯染色分析显示,随着SB203580浓度从0.5μmol/L逐渐增至15.0μmol/L,T细胞增殖逐渐减弱,以15.0μmol/L SB203580的抑制作用最为明显,呈剂量依赖关系(r=-0.97,P<0.01);SB203580浓度增加至20.0μmol/L时,细胞大量死亡。选用SB203580最佳浓度(15.0μmol/L),随时间从24 h至72 h递增,SB203580对T细胞增殖的抑制作用逐渐增强,以72 h抑制作用最为明显,84~96 h后,抑制作用逐渐减弱。结论:p38 MAPK在ConA刺激的T细胞增殖中起着重要的作用。     

Inducing dopaminergic differentiation of expanded rat mesencephalic neural stem cells by ascorbic acid in vitro

Ascorbic acid (AA) induced differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is reported.NSCs derived from rat mesencephalon were maintained and expanded in a defined medium containing mitogens of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF).Compared with the control, ascorbic acid treatment led to more DAergic neuronal differentiation as indicated by the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT), which are specific markers of dopamine neurons.AA induction also enhanced expression of Nurr1 and Shh.PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway, could block AA-induced Nurr1, TH and DAT mRNA expression.The results might suggest a new strategy to provide enough dopaminergic cells for the therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD), and Nurr1 and ERK signaling pathway might participate in the AA-induced DAergic differentiation.     

人类基因ZNF569结构域在MAPK信号途径中的作用

有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号途径是细胞信号转导过程的重要组成部分，MAPK将膜转导蛋白与其细胞内的关键调控靶蛋白联系起来，从而介导胞外的多种信号并将这些信号级联放大后传递给相应的下游因子，通过激活包括SRE，ELK-1，AP-1等在内的多种转录因子，最终开启细胞特定功能基因的表达，锌指蛋白是人类最大的基因家族之一，其蛋白产物主要通过与DNA相互作用而起转录因子作用，调节靶基因的表达以适应生物体发育、分化、成熟过程的需要，运用MAPK信号途径对锌指基因ZNF569的结构域进行了转录活性分析，分析表明在COS-7细胞中过表达ZNF569蛋白可以使MAPK信号途径的两个下游转录因子AP-1和SRE的转录抑制活性显著下降，ZNF569在核质内的亚细胞定位分析进一步证明了其作为转录因子的作用，对ZNF569的分段report assays分析表明，ZNF569可能通过KRAB框和C2H2锌指结构域行使其抑制转录的作用，这些结果表明，ZNF569可以通过MAPK信号途径参与了对细胞生命活动的调控过程。     

Overinhibition of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inducing Tau Hyperphosphorylation

To reveal the relationship between mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and tau phosphorylation, we used different concentration of PD98059, an inhibitor of MEK (MAPK kinase), to treat mice neuroblastma (N2a) cell line for 6 h. It showed that the activity of MAPK decreased in a dose-dependent manner. But Western blot and immunofluorescence revealed that just when the cells were treated with 16μmol/L PD98059, tau was hyperphosphorylated at Ser396/404 and Ser199/202 sites. We obtained the conclusion that overinhibited MAPK induced tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser396/404 and Ser199/202 sites.     

p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶和核因子-κB促进创面血管化的机制探讨

目的:探讨p38丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号转导通路和核因子-κB(NF-κB)/抑制因子(IκB)通路在调控血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)产生及血管化等方面的作用及其相互关系.方法:将32只Wistar大鼠完全随机分为4组各8只:假烫组、烫伤组、烫伤+p38MAPK抑制剂组和烫伤+NF-κB抑制剂组.除假烫组以外,其余各组均制作深Ⅱ°烫伤模型,其中烫伤+p38MAPK抑制剂组和烫伤+NF-κB抑制剂组于烫伤后15 min和12 h分别静脉注射SB203580和PDTC;各组大鼠均于伤后48 h处死并取材.酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定创面组织中VEGF的含量和血管微密度(MVD),蛋白印迹(Western blotting)法检测p38MAPK和IκBα的表达.结果:和假烫组相比,伤后48 h,烫伤组创面组织中VEGF的质量浓度明显上升,为(0.81±0.19)ng/m L和(2.88±0.32)ng/m L,(P0.05);MVD值明显增加,为(3.12±0.72)和(8.08±2.10),(P0.05);p38 MAPK含量升高,为(966±176)和(4778±332),(P0.05);IκBα含量下降,为(2 327±310)和(1 278±149),(P0.05).使用SB203580和PDTC均能抑制烧伤后创面组织中VEGF含量的上升和血管化.预先给予SB203580能抑制烧伤后创面组织中p38MAPK含量升高,但对IκBα含量无显著影响;预先给予PDTC可以防止烧伤后创面组织中IκBα含量的下降,而对p38MAPK表达无影响.结论:在烧伤后创面愈合过程中,p38 MAPK信号转导通路和NF-κB/IκB通路是两个平行和独立的信号转导通路,两者间无直接的联系,但共同调节着烧伤后VEGF的产生与创面血管化.     

Tribbles: novel regulators of cell function; evolutionary aspects

Identification of rate-limiting steps or components of intracellular second messenger systems holds promise to effectively interfere with these pathways under pathological conditions. The emerging literature on a recently identified family of signalling regulator proteins, called tribbles gives interesting clues for how these proteins seem to link several ‘independent’ signal processing systems together. Via their unique way of action, tribbles co-ordinate the activation and suppression of the various interacting signalling pathways and therefore appear to be key in determining cell fate while responding to environmental challenges. This review summarises our current understanding of tribbles function and also provides an evolutionary perspective on the various tribbles genes. Received 10 January 2006; received after revision 20 March 2006; accepted 5 April 2006     

HCV感染通过Erk信号的激活上调PTTG1的表达

 为探讨丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染导致肝细胞癌发生的分子机制,利用前期研究建立的体外HCV细胞培养体系,将HCV JFH-1 RNA转染CD81-Huh7细胞,确定能够获得感染性HCV后,收集HCV转染后10,50,100和150d的细胞,采用Real time PCR及Western Blot法检测不同时间点细胞内垂体瘤转化基因1(PTTG1)基因和蛋白水平的表达情况,同时检测总MAPK/Erk1/2,磷酸化Erk1/2(p-Erk1/2)蛋白的表达。随后,用干扰素抑制HCV的感染,再检测PTTG1及MAPK/Erk1/2的表达情况,以及用MAPK/Erk抑制剂(PD98059)阻断MAPK/Erk 1/2的磷酸化后,检测PTTG1的表达情况。结果显示,HCV转染的细胞与未转染细胞比较,PTTG1的mRNA和蛋白表达均显著增加,p-Erk1/2蛋白显著升高(P＜0.05);抑制HCV感染显著降低PTTG1的表达和MAPK/Erk1/2的磷酸化(P＜0.05);MAPK/Erk1/2抑制剂显著降低了PTTG1基因和蛋白的表达(P＜0.05)。体外HCV感染可以导致MAPK/Erk信号通路的磷酸化,进一步导致原癌基因PTTG1的表达增加,这可能是慢性HCV感染导致HCV相关性肝细胞癌发生的分子机制之一。     

P38α对人血管内皮一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)基因启动子转录活性的影响

目的:研究P38α对人血管内皮细胞一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)基因启动子转录活性的影响.方法:利用硝酸还原酶法检测不同浓度氯化钴作用下人脐静脉血管内皮细胞-12(HUVEC-12)上清中的一氧化氮(NO)的含量.以pRL-TK为内参照,将已经构建好的pGL2-eNOS-p质粒分别与pGL3-BASIC、pcDNA3、p38a、及p38a(AF)共转染HUVEC-12细胞,利用双荧光素酶报告基因技术检测eNOS基因启动子转录活性,并在共转染的基础上加氯化钴刺激,并检测eNOS基因启动子转录活性.结果:氯化钴刺激下HUVEC-12细胞培养上清的NO含量随氯化钴作用浓度增加而提高,成功建立化学缺氧模型;p38a在正常和缺氧条件下均明显降低eNOS基因启动子的活性,可被无活性诱变体p38a(AF)逆转.结论:P38et下调人血eNOS基因启动子转录活性.