Scalable manufacturing methodologies for improving adeno-associated virus-based pharmaprojects

Adeno-associated virus （AAV） is a promising viral vector and meets most requirements of being a safe biological agent. However, the commercialization of AAV has been hampered due to the limitation of large-scale production, and only a small number of clinical trials have been launched. In recent years, progresses in scalable manufacturing of AAV have dramatically improved AAV- based clinical researches, and have assisted the develop- ment of investigational drug products. An AAVl-based investigational product, Glybera, has been formally approved by European Commission for the treatment of lipoprotein lipase deficiency （LPLD）. Glybera was the first gene therapy product in the western world, and the pro- duction process involves a scalable baculovirus-insect cell system. However, many problems still need to be solved to improve the productivity and quality of AAV. The present review gives critical insights into current state-of-the-art scalable producing methodologies of AAV, such as bacu-lovirus-insect cell system, HSV complementation system, and Ad complementation system, along with a discussion on the problems, solutions, and developmental trends.Novel AAV-producing platforms in Saccharomyces cere- visiae and vaccinia virus complementation system will also be discussed.     

Generation of a recombinant herpes simplex virus which can provide packaging function for recombinant adeno-associated virus

The generation of a recombinant HSV (rHSV) that can provide packaging function for rAAV production is described. A set of cosmids including cos48, cos28, cos6, cosl4 and cos56, which represents the HSV-1 genome was used for generation of this rHSV.Rep andcap genes of AAV-2 were inserted intoXba I site ofUL2 gene on cod, generating cos6rcΔUL2. After being digested withPac I, cos6-rcΔUL2 and the other 4 cosmids were cotransfected into BHK-21 cells. The recombinant virus HSV1-rc/ΔUL2 carryingrep andcap genes was generated due to the homologous recombination of the 5 cosmids. The results showed that the existence ofrep andcap genes on this rHSV was stable from passage to passage and the rHSV could support the packaging of rAAV either in cells transiently transfected with AAV vector or in stable cell line harboring AAV vector. Further modification of this rHSV and optimization of conditions involved in rAAV preparation may lead to a large-scale production of rAAV in the near future.     

Generation of a recombinant herpes simplex virus which can provide packaging function for recombinant adeno-associated

The generation of a recombinant HSV (rHSV) that can provide packaging function for rAAV production is described. A set of cosmids including cos48, cos28, cos6, cos14 and cos56, which represents the HSV-1 genome was used for generation of this rHSV. Rep and cap genes of AAV-2 were inserted into Xba Ⅰ site of UL2 gene on cos6, generating cos6-rcΔUL2. After being digested with Pac Ⅰ , cos6-rcΔUL2 and the other 4 cosmids were cotrans-fected into BHK-21 cells. The recombinant virus HSV1-rc/ΔUL2 carrying rep and cap genes was generated due to the homologous recombination of the 5 cosmids. The results showed that the existence of rep and cap genes on this rHSV was stable from passage to passage and the rHSV could support the packaging of rAAV either in cells transiently transfected with AAV vector or in stable cell line harboring AAV vector. Further modification of this rHSV and optimization of conditions involved in rAAV preparation may lead to a large-scale production of rAAV in the near future.     

利用昆虫病毒系统生产表达胰岛素的腺相关病毒

腺相关病毒(Adeno-associated virus-2,AAV-2)用于构建基因治疗病毒载体,在基因治疗领域受到了普遍重视和关注,而rAAV在应用过程中一个很重要的限制因素就是缺乏简单有效的大规模制备方法.运用昆虫细胞表达系统来提高AAV-2的产量,分别采用绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)和胰岛素(Insulin)基因替代AAV-2的结构基因后,与其他重组病毒共转染293t细胞,3 d后即可检测到高效表达的GFP和Insulin.结果表明,该方法能够比较理想地提高AAV的产量,为临床使用奠定了基础.     

DNA改组在腺相关病毒定向进化中的发展及其应用

DNA改组(DNA shuffling)是一种高通量的突变、筛选技术, 自1994年提出以来, 经过了几十年的发展, 其在DNA、酶和药物蛋白等的改造上都有突出的表现. 腺相关病毒(adeno- associated virus, AAV)是一种细小病毒, 由于其无致病性和能有效呈递基因而成为一种非常理想的基因表达载体. 但是AAV筛除存在一些不足, 如对某些重要靶细胞感染效率不高、存在机体的免疫反应等限制了其临床研究的进展. 应用DNA 改组技术对AAV的衣壳蛋白进行定向进化, 有望解决这些问题. 本文重点综述DNA改组在AAV衣壳定向进化上的技术发展和应用, 并结合本课题组在AAV衣壳DNA改组上的研究工作展开讨论.