地区网络边界发现方法

地区网络边界刻画了现实世界国家和地区之间在网络空间中的拓扑界限.提出了一种主被动结合的双阶段地区网络边界发现方法——RNB(regional network border).第1阶段,基于定向拓扑测量与地理定位方法发现目标地区网络边界片段;第2阶段,基于多源信息加权定位和双重PING定位在边界片段中精准发现网络边界.实验以中国网络为对象,与CAIDA数据集相比,仅以2.5%的探测代价新发现了37%的边界节点,共计1 644个.经人工验证的一致率为99.3%,经某运营商验证的准确率为75%.     

A computationally efficient approach for hidden-Markov model-augmented fingerprint-based positioning

This paper presents a computationally efficient approach for mobile subscriber position estimation in wireless networks. A method of data scaling assisted by timing adjust is introduced in fingerprint-based location estimation under a framework which allows for minimising computational cost. The proposed method maintains a comparable level of accuracy to the traditional case where no data scaling is used and is evaluated in a simulated environment under varying channel conditions. The proposed scheme is studied when it is augmented by a hidden-Markov model to match the internal parameters to the channel conditions that present, thus minimising computational cost while maximising accuracy. Furthermore, the timing adjust quantity, available in modern wireless signalling messages, is shown to be able to further reduce computational cost and increase accuracy when available. The results may be seen as a significant step towards integrating advanced position-based modelling with power-sensitive mobile devices.     

双星时差频差定位体制在频域混叠电磁环境下的应用

现代战场电磁环境复杂,不同类型电磁信号在时频域碰撞混叠,现有常规侦察手段对此类信号的定位应用受到严重制约。双星时差频差定位体制通过互模糊函数求解信号到达时差和频差,分离频域混叠信号并获得高达公里量级的定位精度,非常适合于复杂电磁环境下的应用。通过求解模糊函数的方法分析了时差频差体制对频域混叠信号的分离和定位能力,然后结合美航母编队及其电磁环境构成,探讨了这一能力在监视航母编队,尤其是跟踪识别编队个体成员的具体应用。仿真与分析结果证明了双星时差频差定位体制的优势,对于天基侦察系统的建设具有重要意义。     

双星时差频差无源定位系统定位算法工程指标分析

通过计算时差、频差测量精度,以及卫星运动引起的时差、频差变化率,提出双星时差频差无源定位系统的信号最佳采样时间为10～ 100 ms.进一步推导了工程可实现的定位精度,仿真结果表明双星系统工程可实现的定位精度约为1～3km.研究和结论对双星定位系统定位精度指标的论证与分解具有借鉴意义.     

Street-Level Landmarks Acquisition Based on SVM Classifiers

High-density street-level reliable landmarks are one of the important foundations for street-level geolocation. However, the existing methods cannot obtain enough street-level landmarks in a short period of time. In this paper, a street-level landmarks acquisition method based on SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifiers is proposed. Firstly, the port detection results of IPs with known services are vectorized, and the vectorization results are used as an input of the SVM training. Then, the kernel function and penalty factor are adjusted for SVM classifiers training, and the optimal SVM classifiers are obtained. After that, the classifier sequence is constructed, and the IPs with unknown service are classified using the sequence. Finally, according to the domain name corresponding to the IP, the relationship between the classified server IP and organization name is established. The experimental results in Guangzhou and Wuhan city in China show that the proposed method can be as a supplement to existing typical methods since the number of obtained street-level landmarks is increased substantially, and the median geolocation error using evaluated landmarks is reduced by about 2 km.     

Identifying user geolocation with Hierarchical Graph Neural Networks and explainable fusion

Determining user geolocation from social media data is essential in various location-based applications — from improved transportation/supply management, through providing personalized services and targeted marketing, to better overall user experiences. Previous methods rely on the similarity of user posting content and neighboring nodes for user geolocation, which suffer the problems of: (1) position-agnostic of network representation learning, which impedes the performance of their prediction accuracy; and (2) noisy and unstable user relation fusion due to the flat graph embedding methods employed. This work presents Hierarchical Graph Neural Networks (HGNN) – a novel methodology for location-aware collaborative user-aspect data fusion and location prediction. It incorporates geographical location information of users and clustering effect of regions and can capture topological relations while preserving their relative positions. By encoding the structure and features of regions with hierarchical graph learning, HGNN can primarily alleviate the problem of noisy and unstable signal fusion. We further design a relation mechanism to bridge connections between individual users and clusters, which not only leverages the information of isolated nodes that are useless in previous methods but also captures the relations between unlabeled nodes and labeled subgraphs. Furthermore, we introduce a robust statistics method to interpret the behavior of our model by identifying the importance of data samples when predicting the locations of the users. It provides meaningful explanations on the model behaviors and outputs, overcoming the drawbacks of previous approaches that treat user geolocation as “black-box” modeling and lacking interpretability. Comprehensive evaluations on real-world Twitter datasets verify the proposed model’s superior performance and its ability to interpret the user geolocation results.     

跳频信号的时差直接定位

针对跳频信号,提出了两种时差直接定位方法--最大似然直接定位法与最大相关累积直接定位法.第一种算法利用跳频信号频域有限分布特性,通过频域构造互相关函数（Cross Correlation Function,CCF）矩阵,在二维网格中搜索CCF矩阵的最大特征值得到目标的位置估计.第二种算法以各站与参考站的CCF之和为目标函数,直接在二维网格中搜索得到目标位置估计.两种算法进行了对比,第一种方法在性能上优于第二种,但计算量更大.蒙特卡洛仿真表明,提出的最大似然直接定位方法的性能是最优的,最大相关累积方法性能也优于传统的两步法.     

基于EKF的机载光电吊舱目标定位研究

为提高机载光电吊舱进行目标定位的精度,研究吊舱的设备测量误差对目标定位精度的影响,推导了目标定位方程,并建立了目标定位的扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)模型.通过在Matlab/Simulink中进行仿真,定量分析了吊舱的测距误差、高低角和方位角误差对目标定位精度的影响.结果表明定位误差可以在2 s的时间收敛到5 m,提高了定位精度和收敛速度;分析测量误差对定位精度的影响,可为吊舱的精度分配或改进提供理论依据.     

采用空间稀疏性的单星无源定位方法

针对传统单星定位中,参数估计和目标定位被分为两个独立阶段造成定位不优化的问题,提出了一种采用空间稀疏性的单星无源定位方法.该方法通过持续测量目标信号的多普勒频率,利用干扰源位置在地面分布的空间稀疏性,通过构建干扰信号的多普勒频率与地理位置满足的凸优化问题来实现干扰源定位.该定位方法利用了干扰信号的累积时间和干扰源位置的空间分布信息,在一个阶段中完成卫星定位.仿真证实该方法在单星定位中可得到较高的定位精度.     

Software‐only TDOA/RTT positioning for 3G WCDMA wireless network

A hybrid location finding technique based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) with round‐trip time (RTT) measurements is proposed for a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) network. In this technique, a mobile station measures timing from at least three base stations using user equipment receive—transmit (UE Rx—Tx) time difference and at least three base stations measure timing from the mobile station using RTT. The timing measurements of mobile and base stations are then combined to solve for both the location of the mobile and the synchronization offset between base stations. A software‐only geolocation system based on the above mobile/base stations timing measurements is implemented in Matlab platform and the performance of the system is investigated using large‐scale propagation models. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.