Measurement of the Timoshenko Shear Stiffness. II: Effect of Transverse Compressibility

This is the second of two papers devoted to the issue of measuring the Timoshenko shear stiffness of thin-walled composite beams. In the first paper, the effect of warping on the effective Timoshenko shear stiffness, as measured through bending tests, was studied. The bending test was simulated using finite-element analysis, and the results indicated that the warping effect was minimal. On the other hand, the evidence suggests that transverse flexibility may have a significant influence on the effective Timoshenko shear stiffness, decreasing the effective shear stiffness at shorter test spans. The purpose of the present study is to further investigate this effect and to explore the use of a sandwich theory to predict the measurement error. A higher-order sandwich theory, which captures the transverse strain at concentrated loads and supports, is applied to a commercially available thin-walled composite beam. The results indicate that the sandwich model does capture the decrease in the effective shear stiffness at short spans, and the dependence of the shear stiffness on span-to-depth ratio is similar to that calculated in the first paper, using the finite-element method.     

Compressibility of the polymer crystal

Results for the compressibilities of a wide range of polymer crystals along the fibre- and the transverse crystal axes are presented. Good agreement is found between the theoretical and the experimental results of different authors.     

Particle size effect on the filtration drag of fly ash from a coal power plant

In order to investigate the filtration properties of fly ash from a conventional coal power plant, the filtration drag across the dust cake over an absolute fiberglass filter element was measured. A fluidized bed column was utilized to obtain a well characterized particle stream. The cake resistance coefficient was analyzed by the equation proposed by Endo et al. [1998] in order to observe the effect of particle size and polydispersity. The filtration drag was measured for three kinds of particle stream having the geometric mean particle size of 3.15, 6.07, and 7.83 μm and the geometric standard deviation less than 1.44 in the practical operation conditions for the field applications of face velocity of 0.03–0.06 m/s and area dust load up to 0.2 kg/m². A dust cake of smaller particle size showed larger pressure drop even though the porosity was higher and presented high compressibility according to the face velocity. The particle polydispersity was also a dominant factor affecting the compressibility of the dust cake.     

流体的可压缩性对高压子母叶片泵叶片受力的影响

当叶片泵工作压力很高时,油液可压缩性已经不能忽略.本文在考虑流体可压缩性的情况下,对高压子母叶片泵叶片与定子之间的内法向接触反力进行建模和计算机仿真,得到了与实际情况更接近的内法向接触反力的变化曲线,并与普通低压叶片泵定子与转子之间接触反力的变化曲线进行比较,结果发现两者有很大的区别,这主要是因为国内外现有的文献仍按流体的不可压缩性的假设计算的.高压子母叶片泵叶片从大圆弧区向排油区过渡时,该力的曲线有一个变化的尖角,这样就更加真实地体现叶片与定子之间力的变化情况.最后对该曲线出现的尖角进行了分析,并提出尖角消除的方法,以期得到最佳的叶片受力状况.     

基于可逆整数DCT的遥感图像的无损压缩

通过程序设计实现了基于整数DCT的无损压缩算法，适用于遥感图像压缩。该算法对遥感图像进行整数DCT无损变换，用算术编码对变换系数进行了压缩。测试结果证明，相比于现有的基于DCT的无损压缩算法，压缩率有了一定的降低，对于遥感图像的压缩效果要好于普通无损压缩算法，可以在同一个系统中同时实现图像的无损/有损压缩，有一定的实用价值。     

Elasticity solution for an axially compressed and encased cylindrical specimen

We present the solution of the linear elasticity equations governing the deformation of an elastic cylinder encased in a tube and subjected to uniform compression on the flat ends. The solutions for the stresses, strains, and displacements in the encased and compressed cylinder are all systematically determined from the basic solution of Lamé's classical elasticity problem of the long tube subjected to internal and external pressures. We first derive the general elastostatic analysis for an encased hollow cylinder, stress-free at the cavity, and later particularize the solution to a solid cylindrical specimen. The effective modulus E_eff of the encased sample is found to be a function of the bulk modulus k and Poisson's ratio ν of the material. E_eff differs from k except for nearly incompressible materials, where E_eff approaches the bulk modulus value. In the incompressible case, we also show how a load applied on the cylinder's flat ends is equivalent to, and can be replaced by, the same load acting on the curved surface. For compressible materials, a more general expression for E_eff is found that also accounts for the case deformation. These results explain the deformation of an axially compressed and encased cylindrical specimen tested in compressibility measuring devices such as those described by Matsuoka and Maxwell [Response of linear high polymers to hydrostatic pressure. Journal of Polymer Science 1958; 32:131–59]. The present analysis thus contributes to a better understanding of how this device works and to the interpretation of measurements taken with it.     

Influence of Avicel PH-301 on the Compressibility of α-Methyldopa and Phenobarbitone in Direct Compression

The aim of this work was to investigate the compressibilitybehavior of α-methyldopa and phenobarbitone using a Korsch EK0 instrumentedeccentric tablet machine, with force-time and force-displacement curves constructedand applied to calculate different compressional values to study the compressionalbehavior. The results of this work revealed a difference in compressibilitybehavior between the two drugs during the compressional process. α-Methyldopagave an abnormal compressional curve with high friction in the pre- and postcompressionalphases. A residual force could be seen on the lower punch. Furthermore, cappingand sticking were observed visually during tablet pressing, indicating poorcompressibility behavior. In the case of phenobarbitone, no friction was observedin the precompressional phase, but there was higher friction in the postcompressionalphase, especially in the ejection phase. The compressibility of the drugswas improved by the addition of Avicel PH-301 and magnesium stearate.     

Influence of the transverse magnetic field intensity upon the electric resistance of the magnetorheological elastomer containing graphite microparticles

The magnetoresistor achieved and presented in this paper is based on magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) with graphite microparticles. It is shown that the resistance R of the magnetoresistor decreases with an increase of the strength H of the transverse magnetic field and of the compression force F, respectively The sum θ of the principal deformations as well as the compresibility module K is determined and the results obtained are discussed.     

An investigation of the synthesis,consolidation and mechanical behaviour of Al 6061 nanocomposites reinforced by TiC via mechanical alloying

Nanostructured Al 6061–x wt.% TiC (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt.%) composites were synthesised by mechanical alloying with a milling time of 30 h. The milled powders were consolidated by cold uniaxial compaction followed by sintering at various temperatures (723, 798 and 873 K). The uniform distribution and dispersion of TiC particles in the Al 6061 matrix was confirmed by characterising these nanocomposite powders by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties, specifically the green compressive strength and hardness, were tested. A maximum hardness of 1180 MPa was obtained for the Al 6061–2 wt.% TiC nanocomposite sintered at 873 K, which was approximately four times higher than that of the Al 6061 microcrystalline material. A maximum green compressive strength of 233 MPa was obtained when 2 wt.% TiC was added. The effect of reinforcement on the densification was studied and reported in terms of the relative density, sinterability, green compressive strength, compressibility and Vickers hardness of the nanocomposites. The compressibility curves of the developed nanocomposite powders were also plotted and investigated using the Heckel, Panelli and Ambrosio Filho and Ge equations.     

Potential of fly ash to suppress the susceptible behavior of lime-treated gypseous soil

The use of lime and fly ash to improve the properties of certain types of soil is well established. However, the potential of fly ash to control the adverse effects of lime-treated gypseous/sulphatic soil has not been well investigated. In the present work, an attempt is made to quantify the fly ash content used to suppress the susceptible behavior of lime-treated gypseous soil. Series of one-dimensional swell and compressibility analyses are performed on various combinations of expansive soil with a predominance of montmorillonite mineral containing lime, gypsum (0–6%), and fly ash (0–30%). It is observed that the volume change behavior of the lime-treated gypseous soil is not controlled completely by addition of fly ash. However, the maximum improvement in the volume change behavior of the lime-treated gypseous soil is observed with a 20% fly ash content, and hence, can be taken as the Optimum Fly ash Content (OFC). Micro-analyses revealed that the relative dominance of the change in gradation and the formation of cementitious compounds of different compositions and ettringite crystals are the key factors in controlling the volume change behavior of lime-treated gypseous soil with fly ash. However, several factors, such as the types of minerals present in the soil, the types of fly ash and lime, and other physico-chemical environmental conditions (temperature, method of curing, and so on), are seen in the present study to affect the value of the obtained OFC.