The fusion-supported decentralized nuclear energy system

A decentralized nuclear energy system is proposed comprising mass-produced pressurized water reactors in the size range 10 to 300 MW (thermal), to be used for the production of process heat, space heat, and electricity in applications where petroleum and natural gas are presently used. Special attention is given to maximizing the refueling interval with no interim batch shuffling in order to minimize fuel transport, reactor downtime, and opportunity for fissile diversion. The smallest reactors could be deployed as nuclear batteries, kept in the equivalent of spent-fuel shipping casks and returned to nuclear fuel centers for refueling. These objectives demand a substantial fissile enrichment (7 to 15%). The preferred fissile fuel is U-233, which offers an order of magnitude savings in ore requirements (compared with U-235 fuel), and whose higher conversion ratio in thermal reactors serves to extend the period of useful reactivity and relieve demand on the fissile breeding plants (compared with Pu-239 fuel). Application of the neutral-beam-driven tokamak fusion-neutron source to a U-233 breeding pilot plant is examined. This scheme can be extended in part to a decentralized fusion energy system, wherein remotely located large fusion reactors supply excess tritium to a distributed system of relatively smallnonbreeding D-T reactors.     

Reaction rates in blanket assemblies of a fusion-fission hybrid reactor

To validate neutronics calculation for the blanket design of fusion-fission hybrid reactor,experiments for measuring reaction rates inside two simulating assemblies are performed.Two benchmark assemblies were developed for the neutronics experiments.A D-T fusion neutron source is placed at the center of the setup.One of them consists of three layers of depleted uranium shells and two layers of polyethylene shells,and these shells are arranged alternatively.The ²³⁸U capture reaction rates are measured using depleted uranium foils and an HPGe gamma spectrometer.The fission reaction rates are measured using a fission chamber coated with depleted uranium.The other assembly consists of depleted uranium and LiH shells.The tritium production rates are measured using the lithium glass scintillation detector which is placed in the LiH region of the assembly.The measured reaction rates are compared with the calculated ones predicted using MCNP code,and C/E values are obtained.     

Z箍缩驱动聚变裂变混合堆——一条有竞争力的能源技术途径

介绍了国内外Z箍缩研究现状,探讨了利用Z箍缩驱动核能源的新能源技术,证明Z-Pinch驱动聚变裂变混合堆是一条非常有竞争力的能源路线。     

在线产氚回路及其在混合堆包层研究中的应用

介绍了我国第一条反应堆在线产氚回路，说明了回路的组成及其主要技术指标，叙述了回路的运行概况和放氚实验的结论，讨论了在线产氚回路在聚变－裂变混合堆包层产氚研究中的应用及前景。     

Reaction mechanisms in massive nuclei collisions and perspectives for synthesis of heavier superheavy elements

We discuss a hardship in synthesis of heaviest super heavy elements in massive nuclei reactions due to the hindrance to complete fusion of reacting nuclei caused on the onset of quasifission process which strongly competes with complete fusion and due to the strong increase of fission yields along the de-excitation cascade of the compound nucleus in comparison with the evaporation residue formation. The hindrance to formation of compound nucleus and evaporation residue is determined by the characteristic of the entrance channel.     

Burnup calculations of light water-cooled pressure tube blanket for a fusion-fission hybrid reactor

A fusion-fission hybrid reactor (FFHR) with pressure tube blanket has recently been proposed based on an ITER-type tokamak fusion neutron source and the well-developed pressurized water cooling technologies. In this paper, detailed burnup calculations are carried out on an updated blanket. Two different blankets respectively fueled with the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) discharged from light water reactors (LWRs) or natural uranium oxide is investigated. In the first case, a three-batch out-to-in refueling strategy is designed. In the second case, some SNF assemblies are loaded into the blanket to help achieve tritium self-sufficiency. And a three-batch in-to-out refueling strategies is adopted to realize direct use of natural uranium oxide fuel in the blanket. The results show that only about 80 tonnes of SNF or natural uranium are needed every 1500 EFPD (Equivalent Full Power Day) with a 3000 MWth output and tritium self-sufficiency (TBR > 1.15), while the required maximum fusion powers are lower than 500 MW for both the two cases. Based on the proposed refueling strategies, the uranium utilization rate can reach about 4.0%.     

高放废物嬗变研究发展及前景

高放废物的处置关系到核能的发展和环境保护。分离与嬗变作为高放废物处置的可能途径之一，在世界上已有近３０年的研究发展历史，目前，越来越受人们的关注。本文分别介绍了利用轻水堆、液态金属燃料堆、聚变堆（聚变－裂变混合堆）以及加速器驱动的次临界系统嬗变高放废物的原理、研究发展及前景。为我们开展高放废物嬗变研究提出一些建议。     

Integral neutronics experiments in analytical mockups for blanket of a hybrid reactor

The paper describes recent progress in integral neutronics experiments in the analytical mockups for the blanket in a fusion-fission hybrid energy reactor. A conceptual blanket of the hybrid reactor is mainly loaded with natural uranium and lithium material. In the fission fuel region, uranium material and light water are arranged alternately. The mockups of the conceptual blanket are designed and used for checking neutron property of the blanket by integral experiments. Based on materials available, the spherical fission mockup for fission research and plutonium production consists of three layers of depleted uranium shells and several layers of polyethylene and graphite shells. The spherical lithium mockup for tritium production consists of depleted uranium and LiPb alloy shells. The cubic mockup consists of natural uranium and polyethylene and its structure is basically consistent with one of the fuel region. In the mockups with the D-T neutron source, the plutonium production rates, uranium fission rates and tritium production rates are measured, separately. The measured results are compared to the calculated ones with MCNP-4B code and ENDF/B-VI library data.     

混合堆增殖钍基燃料组件中子学分析

采用压水堆17×17燃料组件模型,用燃料组件参数计算程序DRAGON分别对混合堆增殖钍燃料组件和全铀组件的中子学特性进行了研究,分析组件的燃料温度系数、慢化剂温度系数及其与燃耗的关系。计算结果表明,混合堆增殖钍燃料组件和全铀组件的中子特性相似,但钍燃料组件中的乏燃料组件中的次锕系核素(MA)的含量明显减少。     

托卡马克氦冷板状状件包层聚变-裂变混合堆安全分析

本文对以托卡马克为聚变装置、氦气冷却板状元件包层的聚变-裂变混合堆进行了稳态、卸压和全厂断电断流的热工分析。文中给出设计参数、HYBRID 程序计算的结果和对概念设计的安全评价,并提出一些改进设计的建议。