洪灾救援中武警官兵疾病发生情况研究

目的：了解部队在各种“洪灾救援”行动中伤病发生的特点和规律，以便在行动前及时做好卫勤保障准备，使部队防病治病措施迅速到位。方法：采用国际疾病分类方法（ICD-10）对发生疾病进行分类，计算疾病发病数及构成比。结果：历年历次洪灾救援任务中，各系统疾病均有不同程度的发生，总发病数为46405人，其中皮肤病占总发病数的37．36％；呼吸系统疾病占28．24％；消化系统疾病占13．45％；传染病与寄生虫病占2．95％。因洪灾时发夏秋时季，南北地区洪灾救援前线官兵疾病发生情况差异无统计学意义。参战开始的第1、2周呼吸系统疾病多见，第2周开始皮肤病和皮下组织疾病，消化系统疾病和传染病寄生虫疾病也逐步上升。结论：应根据不同时间段疾病发病特点及规律，及早采取有针对性的预防对策，使卫勤保障工作有效得力，减少疾病减员确保部队的战斗力。     

组合干预措施对降低新生儿结膜炎的效果分析

目的运用组合干预措施切断新生儿结膜炎的感染途径,验证干预措施的临床效果。方法通过加强产前、产时、产后健康宣教及阴道疾病的干预,医院内环境卫生的管理,消毒隔离措施的落实等组合措施,对2012年至2013年我院分娩的新生儿结膜炎患儿的资料进行整理与分析。结果 2012年至2013年本院出生新生儿5276名,结膜炎感染172例,感染发病率为3.26%。新生儿结膜炎发病与分娩方式、体质量、羊水形状、胎膜早破有关。结论组合干预措施能有效地切断新生儿结膜炎的感染途径,是降低新生儿结膜炎发病率的有效方法,但仍需进一步完善。     

火龙果对高血脂模型大鼠的降脂作用实验研究

目的研究“紫红龙”火龙果对高血脂SD大鼠的降脂作用。方法根据TG水平将50只雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组,每组10只,设为阴性对照组、高脂模型对照组、火龙果：7．5、10．0、15．0g／kgbw3个剂量组。剂量组灌胃不同浓度的火龙果果浆,两个对照组灌胃同体积的蒸馏水。3个剂量组、高脂模型对照组动物自由进食高脂饲料,阴性对照组自由进食基础饲料。实验进行45d后处死大鼠取血清测定各组大鼠的甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（CHO）、高密度脂蛋白（HDH—C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDH—C）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）,取肝脏称重,计算肝／体重比值,并做病理切片。结果火龙果中剂量组、高剂量组大鼠的TG、CHO、LDH—C较高脂模型组明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;谷草转氨酶（AST）、肝实质重量、肝／体比值结果表明：高脂饮食除能引起大鼠的血脂升高,还能损害机体的肝脏实质,引起AST升高、肝脏增大;但随火龙果的剂量增加,肝脏受损害的程度逐渐减轻,特别是AST指标,火龙果的高剂量组已恢复至阴性组水平。结论“紫红龙”火龙果对高血脂sD大鼠具有明显的降脂作用。     

二妙丸类方原方及经去多糖工艺处理后药效作用比较

目的比较二妙丸类方(二妙,三妙,四妙,全方)经去多糖工艺处理前后的药效作用。方法采用醋酸致小鼠扭体法,二甲苯致耳廓肿胀法,急性高尿酸法以及小鼠碳粒廓清法。结果经去多糖工艺处理以后,二妙丸类方的浓度得以提高,在用药剂量增加的情况下,使二妙丸类方的抗炎作用得以充分体现,其中二妙方的降尿酸作用增强,且二妙方组对非特异性免疫有一定的免疫增强作用。结论二妙丸类方的抗炎、镇痛、降尿酸等作用与所含多糖部分无关,可以在去多糖工艺处理的基础上,围绕抗炎、镇痛、降尿酸等药理作用继续开展二妙丸类方作用物质基础研究。     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

Do smoking reduction interventions promote cessation in smokers not ready to quit?

Background

Limited treatment options exist for smokers who are not ready to make a quit attempt. Smoking reduction may be a viable treatment approach if proven to increase the rates of long-term abstinence from smoking.

Method

A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials that tested smoking-reduction interventions (pharmacological, behavioral, or both combined) among smokers who were not ready to make a quit attempt (immediately or in the next month) was conducted to assess the efficacy of these strategies in promoting future smoking abstinence. The primary outcome was the 7-day point-prevalence smoking abstinence at longest follow-up (≥ 6 months). Ten trials were included; six tested pharmacologic interventions, one evaluated a behavioral intervention, and three evaluated combined interventions.

Results

Pharmacologic (2732 participants; OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.43 to 3.79) and combined (638 participants; OR 2.14, 95% CI: 1.28 to 3.60) smoking-reduction interventions significantly increased long-term abstinence from smoking. Insufficient evidence was available on the efficacy of behavioral smoking-reduction interventions (320 participants; OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.56 to 3.93).

Conclusions

Further research to evaluate the efficacy of smoking reduction should have cessation as an endpoint, focus on clarity and consistency in patient selection, and identify the mechanism through which nicotine replacement therapy assisted smoking reduction in increasing abstinence rates.     

小切口闭式脂肪抽吸减肥术

目的 评价脂肪抽吸的安全性及效果。方法 采用小切口的负压膨胀吸脂技术。结果 1995—2000年共吸脂659例，总满意率91％，无脂肪栓塞、失血性休克等严重并发症。结论 吸脂术创伤小，安全有效，恢复快。