同轴微切口与传统小切口超声乳化术的临床疗效及术后并发症对比分析

目的　比较1.8 mm同轴微切口超声乳化术与传统同轴3.0 mm小切口超声乳化术的临床疗效及术后并发症。方法　收集2015年5月至10月北京同仁医院北京同仁眼科中心收治的老年性白内障患者48例（48眼），将患者分为微切口组和小切口组。微切口组主切口长1.8 mm，前房内注入透明质酸钠，行直径约为5.0 mm的中央连续环形撕囊，水分离后用劈核钩劈核，扭动模式超声乳化吸出术，自动灌注系统吸出残留皮质。小切口组角膜主切口大小为3.0 mm，术中植入常规折叠式人工晶状体。术后行裂隙灯、眼底镜以及角膜地形图检查，电脑验光检查患者最佳矫正视力。结果　术后1周、1个月、3个月两组患者最佳矫正视力比较，差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。术后1个月和3个月两组间手术源性散光比较，微切口组均明显低于小切口组，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.01）。在微切口组组内术后1个月和3个月手术源性散光无明显差异（P>0.05），微切口组手术源性散光在术后1个月保持稳定。在小切口组组内术后3个月手术源性散光明显低于术后1个月 （P<0.01）。微切口组术前角膜厚度为（567±27）μm，小切口组为（564±25）μm，两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；术后1个月与3个月两组间角膜厚度变化差异亦均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。在随访期间两组患者均未发生后发性白内障。结论　1.8 mm同轴微切口白内障超声乳化吸出术安全可靠，术后散光恢复快，可有效减少术后角膜手术源性散光。     

Non-arteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy after Uneventful Cataract Extraction

We present the case of a 74-year-old Caucasian female who suffered sudden visual loss after routine phacoemulsification cataract surgery. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. The case is described in detail, and a concise review of the literature is presented together with the authors’ view on the subject outlined. This is a very rare complication after cataract surgery even in high-risk patients with associated systemic co-morbidities. We suspect that the previous history of obesity, coronary artery disease, and arteriosclerosis contributed to the development of this serious ocular complication. We suggest appropriate measures to reduce the risk of its occurrence.     

Follow-Up Study of Over Three Years of Patients with Uveitis after Cataract Phacoemulsification: Outcomes and Complications

Purpose: To evaluate the rate and onset of intraoperative and postoperative complications post-phacoemulsification. Methods: One hundred sixty-two eyes of 145 patients with uveitis who underwent phacoemulsification between 2006 and 2009 were identified through surgical record review. Fifty-nine eyes of 46 patients met the inclusion criteria. Hazard ratio (HR) and Kaplan-Meier survival probability were calculated for each class of uveitis. Results: Macular edema (ME) resulted to be associated to chronic postoperative inflammation (r?=?0.6; p?=?0.00) and mostly related to patients who presented more than one postoperative relapse/year (r?=?0.2; p?=?0.02). Fuchs uveitis resulted to be a risk factor for posterior capsule opacification (PCO) (HR 3.36 IC95%1.0-10.5; p?=?0.03). Hypotony and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) were detected in the anterior uveitis group (0.02 EY). Conclusion: The HR to develop ME was significantly related to chronic anterior uveitis. PCO and elevated IOP are most frequent in Fuchs uveitis. The postoperative visual acuity result was good among all the uveitis groups.     

白内障超声乳化人工晶体术后视网膜脱离临床分析

目的 探讨超声乳化白内障人工晶体术后视网膜脱离的特点及手术疗效。方法 对16例视网膜脱离患者做常规巩膜扣带术或玻璃体切割联合眼内填充进行回顾性分析。结果 视网膜脱离手术后完全复位14例，一次复位率为87．5％，另2例患者经二次手术后完全复位，视力均有不同程度提高。结论 对该类患者术前应仔细检查，选择合适的手术方式尽早施行手术，以提高疗效。     

超声乳化白内障摘除手术中小瞳孔的处理

目的探讨小瞳孔白内障的手术方法、效果、并发症及其处理.方法本组对近5年来完成的188例由于炎症、抗青光眼手术以后、外伤、糖尿病等引起的小瞳孔白内障病人进行回顾性分析.本组病人均采用超声乳化摘除法,手术中没有用辅助的扩瞳器,采用的是人工机械性扩大瞳孔,超声乳化的技巧是弹性法和劈裂法.结果手术后病人的瞳孔都有不同程度的扩大,但一般都不大于5mm且成规则状.有半数病人有不同程度的手术后角膜水肿,1周后自行恢复;极个别的病人角膜水肿恢复时间比较长,但未发现角膜失代偿.还有少数病人有后囊破裂,悬韧带断裂,玻璃体脱出.结论对于有经验的医师超声乳化手术在小瞳孔白内障的处理是安全有效的,可以获得如同正常瞳孔的白内障相同的效果.     

劈裂技术在白内障超声乳化术中的应用

目的：探讨劈裂技术在白内障超声乳化术中的应用。方法：运用劈裂技术治疗白内障及囊袋内植入人工晶体462例(516眼)。参数设定：能量50％～70%，负压150～l80mmHg(1mmHg=0．133kPa)，流量24ml／min。结果：超声平均时间1．3min，最短0．4min，术后1天裸眼视力≥0．5者占69％，≥1．0者21％。术后1周最佳矫正视力≥0．5者占78％，≥1．0者25％。术中后囊破裂14只限。术后角膜轻度水肿59只眼，1周内消退。结论：劈裂技术具有使用能量低、超声时间短等优点，是目前较理想的机械性碎核方法。     

从ECCE到Phaco的转变--核处理技术的实验研究

目的通过化学方法制成动物核性白内障模型,探讨相对能量复合指数(RECP)与角膜内皮细胞活性的关系。方法将5种化学物质注入晶状体,以透过黑白条纹的清晰程度判断晶状体混浊程度并分级。然后将实验眼球分为6组(Ⅰ组为对照组;Ⅱ-Ⅵ为实验组),行标准超声乳化白内障摘除手术。手术后立即取下角膜,作锥蓝-茜素红联合染色标本和扫描电镜标本。结果晶状体内注入甲醛、冰醋酸、无水乙醇、丙酮和苯扎溴铵均能形成晶状体混浊,其中:冰醋酸致晶状体混浊能力最弱,无水乙醇、丙酮次之,甲醛、苯扎溴铵最强。当RECP≤90时,锥蓝-茜素红双重染色和扫描电镜均表明角膜内皮细胞活性好,其形态和细胞联接均无改变。当RECP=120时,角膜内皮细胞形态尚正常,但是细胞联结和胞膜部分破坏。当RECP=150时,角膜内皮细胞严重损伤。结论用化学方法制作核性白内障模型供过渡训练使用是可行的。当RECP超过某一数值(>90)时,即与角膜内皮细胞的活性成负相关。     

外引流术后的白内障超声乳化手术

目的：探讨抗青光眼餐引流术后的白内障患眼进行超声乳化吸除术的手术入路，操作方式及临床效果。方法：避开功能性滤过泡，选择角巩膜隧道切口或透明角膜切口，瞳孔麻痹性散大时，做一个完美的直径约5mm的连续环形撕囊以补偿之；恰当处理虹膜后粘连后，在病理性小瞳孔下完成超声乳化手术；眼压失控者行青光眼白内障人工晶体植入三联术。结果：无后囊破裂，人工晶体全部囊袋内植入，术后1周视力≥0．5者20只眼（64．5％），0．1－0．4者8只眼（25．8％），＜0．1者3只眼（9．7％）。随访1－16个月，眼压均在20.55mmHg以下。结论：体外流术后的白内障患眼，超声乳化手术因其切口小，并发症少，不破坏功能性滤过泡，不损伤瞳孔，是目前各种手术方法中的最佳选择。     

超声乳化术治疗色素膜炎并发性白内障

目的 评估色素膜炎并发性白内障超声乳化手术的疗效。方法 钝化分离瞳孔后粘连及剪除机化膜,牵拉扩张瞳孔后,采用原位碎核技术对19例（21只眼）色素膜炎并发性白内障行超声乳化,结果 术后1周矫正视力≥0.5者16只眼（76.2%）,≥0.2者18只眼（85.7%);手术并发症为虹膜损伤,角膜水肿,未见后囊膜破裂及角膜失代偿;术后19只眼（90.5%)恢复圆瞳孔;2只眼（9.5%)瞳孔不规则。结论 超声乳化术治疗色素膜炎并发性白内障,具有对虹膜损伤小,术后前房炎症反应轻,视力早期恢复等优点,值得推广应用。     

The effect of technology on the indications for cataract surgery

Before the introduction of modern ophthalmic surgical technology following World War II, cataract extraction was easier and safer to perform if the cataract was far advanced (mature) and both eyes were involved. The surgeon was constrained from early surgery by the frequency of severe complications, the long convalescent period, and the distortions of aphakic glasses. Now it is easier to perform phacoemulsification and implant lenses in the early stages of cataract formation when the nucleus is soft and the posterior lens capsule has not been weakened with age. Also, modern small-incision extracapsular cataract extraction has a low rate of complications and a short convalescent period. It is feasible to extract a clear lens or one with minimal opacifications and have a grateful patient. The surgeon is capable of improving the refractive state of the eye by selecting the power of the intraocular lens. These facts have led to instances where cataracts have been extracted that were responsible for minimal or no symptoms. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.