Analysis of supersaturation and nucleation in a moving solution droplet with flowing supercritical carbon dioxide

A supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process is employed for production of solid nanoparticles from atomized droplets of dilute solution in a flowing supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO₂) stream by attaining extremely high, very rapid, and uniform supersaturation. This is facilitated by a two‐way mass transfer of CO₂ and solvent, to and from the droplet respectively, rendering rapid reduction in equilibrium solubility of the solid solute in the ternary solution. The present work analyses the degree of supersaturation and nucleation kinetics in a single droplet of cholesterol solution in acetone during its flight in a flowing SC CO₂ stream. Both temperature and composition are assumed to be uniform within the droplet, and their variations with time are calculated by balancing the heat and mass transfer fluxes to and from the droplet. The equilibrium solubility of cholesterol with CO₂ dissolution has been predicted as being directly proportional to the Partial Molar Volume Fraction (PMVF) of acetone in the binary (CO₂–acetone) system. The degree of supersaturation has been simulated up to the time required to attain almost zero cholesterol solubility in the droplet for evaluating the rate of nucleation and the size of the stable critical nuclei formed. The effects of process parameters have been analysed in the pressure range of 7.1–35.0 MPa, temperature range of 313–333 K, SC CO₂ flow rate of 0.1136–1.136 mol s^?1, the ratio of the volumetric flow rates of CO₂‐to‐solution in the range of 100–1000, and the initial mole fraction of cholesterol in acetone solution in the range of 0.0025–0.010. The results confirm an extremely high and rapid increase in degree of supersaturation, very high nucleation rates and stable critical nucleus diameter of the order of a nanometre. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

SAS数据挖掘在冷轧酸洗卷质量缺陷分析中的应用

数据挖掘作为一种发现大量数据中潜在信息的数据分析技术,受到各界的密切关注。SAS数据挖掘技术是众多数据挖掘方法中的佼佼者,它在大型企业中得到很好的应用。本文介绍数据挖掘的背景知识,并利用SAS/EM工具,对该技术在冷轧酸洗卷质量缺陷原因分析作了初步尝试。     

SAS判别分析在商业银行信用风险评估中的应用

针对我国商业银行传统客户风险评级体系现有的缺陷,介绍了如何把SAS判别分析方法应用于商业银行的客户信用风险评估,并进行验证分析,结果表明,SAS判别分析方法是一种高效,高准确度的评估方法.     

基于整合模式的EMS/SAS监控系统研究与设计

针对IEC61970EMS系统与IEC61850变电站模型的差异,介绍了将两个标准整合集成,以实现通信和信息交互方案。根据CORBA和Web Services各自存在的优缺点,阐述了将CORBA与Web Services整合的设计思想,从而实现监控系统更大范围的应用集成。     

A SAS(®) macro implementation of a multiple comparison post hoc test for a Kruskal-Wallis analysis

The Kruskal-Wallis (KW) nonparametric analysis of variance is often used instead of a standard one-way ANOVA when data are from a suspected non-normal population. The KW omnibus procedure tests for some differences between groups, but provides no specific post hoc pair wise comparisons. This paper provides a SAS^® macro implementation of a multiple comparison test based on significant Kruskal-Wallis results from the SAS NPAR1WAY procedure. The implementation is designed for up to 20 groups at a user-specified alpha significance level. A Monte-Carlo simulation compared this nonparametric procedure to commonly used parametric multiple comparison tests.     

TPOs研究中的多赫勒均匀网法案例分析

西班牙研究者M．A．Lopez-Manchado和M．Arroyo在聚烯烃热塑性弹性体(佻)研究中应用多赫勒均匀网法(an uniform net of Doehlert)。这种TPOs是一种以共混物PP／(乙烯-辛烯共聚物)为基质、用PET短纤维补强的三元复合物。多赫勒均匀网法是一种国内未见应用的试验设计方法。他们应用多赫勒均匀网法设计试验方案，求得复合物的拉伸模量等4项力学性能与组分变量PP和PET纤维用量之间关系的响应方程式。笔者从研究者的论文提取一个二变量的多赫勒均匀网法在TPOs研究中应用的案例，并说明和评议多赫勒均匀网法和试验设计的全过程；特别是利用原著提供的基本试验数据进行逐步回归分析。讨论应用回归方程式应注意的几个基本问题和指出原著响应方程式存在的问题。     

Numerical investigation of drag force on flow through circular array of cylinders

A 2-D model for flow through a circular patch with an array of vertical circular cylinders in a channel is established using the Navier-Stokes equations with a hybrid RANS/LES turbulence model–the Scale Adaptive Simulation (SAS) model. The applicability of the model is first validated by test cases where experimental data are available for comparison with the computed results. It is verified that the present model can predict well the average velocity and turbulence structure. The drag force and drag coefficient are then calculated using the present model for a number of cases with different solid volume fractions, cylinder Reynolds numbers and patch diameters. It is shown that the drag coefficient increases with increasing solid volume fraction, but decreases with increasing Reynolds number. However, the drag coefficient is independent of the diameter of circular batch when the solid volume fraction and Reynolds number are kept constant.     

RSM在PVC复合热稳定体系中的应用

研究了响应面法在聚氯乙烯（PVC）热稳定剂配方研究中的使用价值．依据Box-Benhnken的中心组合实验设计原理,设计了响应面分析中的3因素3水平分析表及热稳定实验方案．使用SAS软件对实验数据进行了处理,得到了硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸钡之间相互作用对热稳定时间影响的响应面曲面图．分析图表可知,硬脂酸锌对热稳定时间产生了负作用,硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸钙之间及硬脂酸锌与硬脂酸钡之间产生了交互作用．     

鲤鱼鱼鳞酶溶性胶原蛋白提取工艺的应用

主要研究酶法提取鲤鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白过程中各种因素的影响,并在单因素实验的基础上,以SAS对影响因素进行了综合分析,得到了鲤鱼鱼鳞酶溶性胶原蛋白提取的最佳条件,温度为16.59℃,时间为28.18 h,酶用量为396.21 u/g,为淡水鱼综合加工利用提供了理论依据。     

济南夏季降水量数据的初步统计分析

本文利用统计软件SAS对济南1951－2000年夏季降水量数据进行统计分析。首先，对数据进行描述性统计分析、正态性检验、平稳性检验的基础统计分析，其次，对数据的离群点建立了干预模型，最后，讨论与济南三月份气温的线性回归问题。