Complex study of protective Cr3C2–NiAl coatings deposited by vacuum electro-spark alloying,pulsed cathodic arc evaporation,magnetron sputtering,and hybrid technology

Coatings were obtained by vacuum electro-spark alloying (VESA), pulsed cathodic arc evaporation (PCAE), magnetron sputtering (MS) techniques and VESA-PCAE-MS hybrid technology using Cr₃C₂–NiAl electrodes. The structure of the coatings was analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Mechanical properties were determined by nanoindentation, while tribological properties were assessed using pin-on-disk tribometer. Corrosion resistance was estimated by voltammetry in 1 N H₂SO₄ and 3.5%NaCl solutions. Oxidation resistance tests were performed at 800°С in air. The VESA coating had the highest thickness, low friction coefficient and high wear resistance. PCAE coating demonstrated the highest hardness (24 GPa) and elastic recovery (59%), oxidation resistance and superior corrosion resistance both in 1 N H₂SO₄ (i_corr = 70 μА/cm²) and 3.5%NaCl (i_corr = 0.74 μА/cm²) solutions. The MS coating had average mechanical properties and low corrosion current density (71 μА/cm²) in 1 N H₂SO₄. Deposition of coatings using VESA-PCAE-MS hybrid technology led to an increase in corrosion and oxidation resistance at least by 1.5 times in comparison with the VESA coating.     

Characterization of two-phase nickel aluminides produced by pressure-assisted combustion synthesis

Two-phase (B2+L1₂) nickel aluminide intermetallic compounds were synthesized by the pressure-assisted volume combustion synthesis (CS). The production and characterization of the samples containing NiAl+Ni₃Al were investigated. Aluminum (99% pure, 15 μm) and carbonyl nickel (99.8 pure, 4-7 μm) powders were used. The production of intermetallic compound was carried out at 1050 °C under 150 MPa uniaxial pressure in open air atmosphere in an electrical resistance furnace for 60 min. The formation temperature of intermetallic compound was determined by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis, and exothermic temperature of powder mixture was determined as 653 °C. The characterization of samples was confirmed by optical microscope, SEM and XRD analysis. It was observed that the structure of compound has very low porosity and the formation of NiAl was completed successfully. The relative density of test materials measured according to Archimedes’ principle was 98.04%. The microhardness of test materials was about 351 HVN₁.     

磷对NiAl超塑性行为的影响

研究了磷对NiAl超塑性变形的影响.结果表明,磷在晶界的偏聚对NiAl的超塑性变形有重要影响.磷的偏聚阻碍了合金变形过程中的动态回复和动态再结晶,加剧了晶界处孔洞的形成,从而造成了NiAl-P合金较长的加工硬化阶段以及最大伸长率下降、变形激活能升高、应变速率敏感指数减小.因此,磷对NiAl的超塑性变形有害.     

两相共晶NiAl-9Mo合金的蠕变行为

研究了热等静压态的NiAl-9Mo合金在850-950℃和50-100 MPa下的蠕变行为.在试验应力和温度下,该合金蠕变曲线呈现出较短的减速阶段和较长的稳态蠕变阶段;其稳态蠕变速率可用幂指数蠕变方程来描述,应力指数值为4.75±0.25,表观激活能为 410.5±4.5kJ/mol.加速蠕变阶段蠕变速率的增加是由于裂纹的形成和扩展,且其断裂数据遵循Monkman-Grant规律.蠕变断口呈现出塑性断裂和沿晶蠕变断裂的混合特征,但后者比例较大,同一温度下随着应力的增大,沿晶断裂的比例呈现下降的趋势.     

Optical Investigation of the Effects of Substrate Orientation on Oxidation of Single Crystal β-NiAl

The residual stresses in -Al₂O₃ scales formed on high-purity FeCrAl and FeCrAlY during oxidation at 1200°C and subsequent cooling and reheating were studied using photostimulated luminescence spectroscopy. Systematic measurements of the stress in the oxide were made as a function of both alloy thickness and cooling rate and the development of stresses in the oxide scale during thermal cycling was investigated as a function of the temperature. Depending on the ratio of the alloy and oxide-scale thicknesses, substantial stress relaxation was observed to occur during cooling at a rate of 8 K/min. Compressive growth stresses of 1 GPa were determined by comparing the residual-stress measurements at room temperature with those calculated based on thermal-expansion mismatch. No significant differences in the growth stresses, the total residual stresses, or the stress relaxation during thermal cycling were observed between the oxides formed on the Y-doped and undoped FeCrAl samples. Stress relaxation is also shown to lead to the development of tensile stresses in the oxide scale under certain conditions, in particular, those associated with slow cooling followed by rapid heating.     

用机械合金化方法制备Ni-Al系金属间化合物

用球磨机分别对Ｎｉ－５０ａｔ．－％Ａｌ和Ｎｉ－２５ａｔ．－％Ａｌ混合粉末进行机械合金化，并对Ｎｉ_３Ａｌ预合金粉末进行高能球磨，观察了粉末的金相组织，测定了粉末的硬度、平均直径和晶粒尺寸，并作了ＸＲＤ物相分析结果表明，经３ｈ研磨，Ｎｉ－５０ａｔ．－％Ａｌ混合粉末变成ＮｉＡｌ金属间化合物，其晶粒直径约５ｎｍ；经５ｈ机械球磨，Ｎｉ－２５ａｔ．－％Ａｌ混合粉末成为无序的亚稳定Ｎｉ固溶体，而Ｎｉ_３Ａｌ预合金粉末由Ｌｌ_２型长程有序金属间化合物转变为ｆｃｃ无序固溶体；球磨更长时间，则形成纳米晶．     

Solid-solution hardening and softening by Fe additions to NiAl

Solid-solution hardening in the case of a ternary alloy addition to a B2 compound with the triple defect structure has been investigated. The fact that the ternary element may occupy either of two sublattices or may affect the concentration of other types of point defects present in the material makes this a very interesting problem to consider. Ni-rich (40 at% Al), stoichiometric (50 at% Al), and Al-rich (52 at% Al) alloys were doped with up to 12 at% Fe. Lattice parameter, bulk density and hardness measurements were performed on samples quenched from 1000 °C. It was found that solid-solution softening actually occurs in the Ni-rich alloys, while hardening was observed in the stoichiometric and Al-rich alloys. The vacancy concentration was determined from the experimental data, and the site occupancies of the Fe atoms were estimated from a thermodynamic model. Through careful consideration of all point defect concentrations the solid-solution hardening and softening behaviors could be effectively rationalized.     

CREEP DEFORMATION OF INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS

ＣＲＥＥＰＤＥＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＩＮＴＥＲＭＥＴＡＬＬＩＣＡＬＬＯＹＳＧｅｒｈａｒｄＳａｕｔｈｏｆｆ（Ｍａｘ－Ｐｌａｎｃｋ－ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｆｕｒＥｉｓｅｎｆｏｒｓｃｈｕｎｇＧｍｂＨ．，Ｄ－４００７４Ｄｕｓｓｅｌｄｏｒｆ，Ｇｅｒｍａｎｙ）Ａｂｓｔ...     

稀土元素对NiAl/CrMo(Hf)共晶合金氧化性能影响

研究了稀土元素Ce、Nd对NiAl-28Cr-5．5Mo—0．5Hf合金高温氧化性能的影响。并通过扫描电镜和能谱分析研究了氧化产物的微观组织与成分．结果表明：稀土的加入改变了表层氧化膜中各氧化物的含量。适量稀土元素的加入可消除内氧化和减小氧化增重．     

NiAl-30．9Cr-3Mo-0．1Dy合金的高温氧化行为

研究了NiAl-30．9Cr-3Mo-0．1Dy合金在1300K～1500K空气中的恒温氧化行为。结果表明：NiAl-30-9Cr-3Mo-0．1Dy合金的抗氧化性远优于NiAl-31Cr-3Mo合金：1500K的氧化动力学曲线基本遵循抛物线关系，在1350K～1450K的氧化动力学曲线符合立方抛物线关系，1300K的氧化动力学曲线则符合5次方关系。氧化过程中，合金的表面生成了连续致密的Al2O3氧化膜；稀土元素的活性作用以及Al2O3与基体合金之间的富Cr层的形成，提高了Al2O3的粘附能力。Dy的添加也减少了NiAl相上Al2O3的生成量，延缓了θ-Al2O3向α-Al2O3相的转变时间。