����ľ������ҹ����������Ȼ����Heͬλ�ضԱ�

利用天然气中He同位素组成探讨天然气的形成与运聚成藏机制。塔里木盆地古生代和中生代地层中天然气氦同位素分析表明，3He/ 4He分布在2.58×10-8～8.33×10-8范围，R/Ra为0.019～0.059，平均值为0.031，为典型的壳源He同位素组成特征。我国东部主要含油气盆地天然气的R/Ra平均比值则变化于1.21～2.30，说明在东部盆地天然气形成过程中有幔源He的加入。导致这种差异的原因除构造活动外，更重要的是成烃过程中热源不同。东部含油气盆地成烃作用过程中，携带有深部气体挥发分的幔源热流加热地层水形成地层中热水对流体系，同时幔源He进入热水流体。热水流体与烃源岩发生作用，可促使源岩中有机质转化成烃类并进入流体，烃源岩中壳源放射性成因He 也进入流体一起运移成藏，所以东部盆地天然气中的He同位素组成具有壳幔二元混合特征。塔里木盆地成烃热源来自于盆地沉积体埋深形成的壳内地热增温，天然气He同位素组成特征表现为壳源He同位素特征。     

热等静压(HIP)技术在金属材料方面的应用

本文对北京’９９ 国际热等静压会议有关论文中提到的热等静压技术的新应用及新的研究动向进行了评述。文章共分四个部分, 即热等静压技术在钛合金、高温合金、铍材以及难熔金属等方面的应用。     

Performance of diffusion absorption refrigeration cycle with organic working fluids

A diffusion absorption refrigeration (DAR) cycle is driven by heat and utilizes a binary solution of refrigerant and absorbent as working fluid, together with an auxiliary inert gas. Commercial DAR systems operate with ammonia–water solution and hydrogen or helium as the inert gas. In this work, the performance of a simplified DAR system working with an organic absorbent (DMAC – dimethylacetamide) and five different refrigerants and helium as inert gas was examined numerically, with the aim of lowering the generator temperature and system pressure along with a non-toxic refrigerant The refrigerants were: chlorodifluoromethane (R22), difluoromethane (R32), 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R124), pentafluoroethane (R125) and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a). The results were compared with the performance of the same system working with ammonia–water and helium. Similar behavior was found for all systems, regarding the coefficient of performance (COP) and rich and poor solution concentrations as functions of generator temperature. It was found that typical generator temperature with the new substances was 150 °C, yet lower COPs, higher evaporator temperatures and lower condensation temperature of about 40 °C governed these systems.     

Optimum number of stages and intermediate pressure level for highest exergy efficiency in large helium liquefiers

In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the influence of different design and operating parameters on the performance of large scale helium liquefiers through the concept of pre-cooling stages. Through exergy analysis and simulation with Aspen HYSYS^® 7.0, it has been demonstrated that four refrigeration stages is the best option for large helium liquefiers when all expanders operate between the entire available pressure differences. However, when some of the expanders are operated at intermediate pressure, a more number of stages gives a higher thermodynamic efficiency. Relationship between the number of stages, effective heat exchanger area and operating pressure levels of expanders, which could optimally be employed for least specific power consumption has been established through exergy analysis. Optimum number of stages, intermediate pressure and corresponding plant efficiency are, however to a large extent, dictated by the prevailing compressor efficiency. The intermediate pressure that gives the maximum exergy efficiency for the plant increases from 0.2 MPa with constant compressor efficiency to 0.35 MPa when considering two-staged compressor where pressure ratio influences compressor efficiency. Results presented may be useful in designing energy-efficient helium liquefiers of large capacity.     

高温气冷堆一回路氦气循环风机电机绝缘结构

一回路氦气循环风机是为清华大学10 MW高温气冷核反应实验堆生产,安装在核反应堆的压力壳电机腔内的配套电动机。压力壳内充3.0 MPa压力的一回路氦气,电机腔内充0.1 MPa压力的氦气,绕组在该压力的氦气环境条件下长期运行,应能承受6×106r a d的放射剂量。绕组绝缘结构的可靠性是保证电机在严酷环境条件正常运行的必要条件,为此介绍了该电机绝缘结构的试验和研制。