The genetic diversity of cen-tral and peripheral popula-tions of ratlike hamster(Cricetulus triton)

The impact of habitat fragmentation and isolation on the genetic diversity of populations has attracted much attention in studies of meta-population and conservation biology. In this work, using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, we studied the genetic diversity of central, peripheral and peninsular populations of ratlike hamster, which were collected in five locations of the North China Plain and its surrounding areas, in 1999. The study revealed that, ⅰ) the genetic diversity of central population of Raoyang County＞the sub-central populations of Gu'an County and Taikang County＞the peripheral population of Shunyi District＞the peninsular population of Mentougou District; ⅱ) the genetic diversities of the five populations were positively correlated to the nearest distances to the peripheral line of population distribution; ⅲ) there were significant differences of gene frequencies of some RAPD fragments among the five populations. More RAPD fragments disappeared in peripheral populations than in central or sub-central populations. The frequencies of two RAPD fragments were correlated to the latitude. This study clearly indicated that the variation of the genetic diversities of the five populations was caused by edge effect and frag- mentation through the enhanced inbreeding and genetic drift, and thus supported the view that habitat fragmentation and related edge effect reduce the population genetic diversity.     

移民村落的权力博弈与移民的适应——以广东三峡移民村落白村为例

通过对一个安置在广东的三峡移民村落白村首任村长上任、下台的调查与分析,探究了移民村落的乡村权力“博弈”过程,以及这种乡村权力与移民适应的关系,指出帮助移民获得适当的社会资本是帮助移民更好地适应的策略之一。     

一种分层多播的带宽适应策略

提出了一种基于接收端意见反馈的带宽适应策略。在该策略中，为了避免反馈信息在源端的爆炸，给出了一个路由器分流合并的方法，使得带宽适应策略具有良好的缩放性。     

基于构件检索的构件适配模式

针对传统的规约匹配可能出现的部分匹配问题，定义了输入适配、输出适配、串行适配、选择适配和递归组合模式等5种构件适配模式，并将其按照原子构件和复合构件的适配方式进行分类．通过研究原子构件适配模式所具有的清晰的前后置条件约束和逻辑关系，进一步从适配理论上分析了相应的复合构件适配算法的可行性．将切片思想引入需求规约的描述，得到分解的子规约，能较好地精化检索条件，从而提高构件检索的杏伞率和杏准率，并提高库中构件的可复用件．     

全球变化背景下的几个科技名词

随着人们对全球变化（global change）的关注和研究，这一领域出现了很多科技名词，对这些名词进行统一定名、合理释义非常必要。文章结合国际上全球变化问题的研究进展分析了几个典型名词。     

互生共长的长青藤与参天大树——从文学作品改编看20世纪中国文学与现代传播之电影

20世纪中国文学十分幸运地发生、发展在一个现代传播飞速发展的时代.电影,是现代传播的一种形式.在过去的近百年的中国文学发展的历史中有许多的文学作品借助电影这一现代传播的形式得以广泛传播,经久不衰;电影也从20世纪中国文学的宝库中汲取了丰富的创作源泉.近百年来,它们互生互长,共同繁荣,结出了累累硕果.     

基于PSO磁悬浮球系统自适应灰预测控制

目的 针对磁悬浮球系统非线性不稳定和滞后性的问题,提出一种基于粒子群优化的自适应灰色预测 PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation)复合控制策略。 方法 通过在 PID 控制模块的反馈环中引入具有等维新息特征的灰色预测器,对系统误差进行及时反馈修正,以提高控制系统的响应速度和鲁棒性;同时,融合粒子群智能算 法对控制器参数迭代优化,以提高控制系统控制精度和抗干扰能力;最后,在 MATLAB / Simulink 环境下搭建仿真 平台进行对比实验。 结果 验证基于粒子群优化的自适应灰预测控制系统模型的超调量、峰值时间、调节时间显著 改善。 结论 证实该策略可以有效抑制系统滞后性,具有良好的稳定性和鲁棒性。     

突破国人对外谈判障碍应用策略浅析

中国加入WTO，企业将面临着更多的机遇与挑战。商务谈判与协商成为国际商务活动的中心环节。为了在谈判中争取主动，顺利地驾驭谈判过程，就要求我国的谈判人员对自身的谈判理论、原则、策略与方法进行不断的调整与改进。     

多码DS／CDMA传输自适应系统的序列优化

为了优化多码DS／CDMA系统性能，提出了一种自适应序列优化及功率控制方法，通过优化系统扩频码设计，使系统能有效地克服多径多址干扰，降低系统传输功率。此方法中，为提高接收端用户的信号干扰噪声比(SINR)，提出了一种快速收敛的优化序列设计算法，通过优化发送扩频序列和接收解扩序列，降低了多址干扰，提高了多径分集增益；通过调整发射功率，使接收端达到设定服务质量要求，是一种有效的多码DS／CDMA传输自适应方法。     

Rapid cold hardening process of insects and its ecologically adaptive significance

In contrast to overwintering cold hardening, a rapid cold hardening process has recently been described in insects. This process can rapidly enhance cold tolerance of insects in several hours or even minutes. The characteristics of rapid cold hardening include inducing conditions, cold hardening effects, and fitness costs. Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of rapid cold hardening include rapid changes in the phospholipid composition and the increase in hemolymph osmolalities, polyols production, proline and cold-induced proteins. Moreover, there are different views about the ecologically adaptive significance of rapid cold hardening in insects. This paper reviews research results about rapid cold hardening of insects since 1987, focusing on forms of cold injury, strategies of cold tolerance, and definitions, characteristics, physiological and biochemical mechanisms and adaptive significance of rapid cold hardening.