饥饿、季节及性别对大鲵肌肉、肝脏生化成分的影响

季节会影响到大鲵肌肉的脂肪及钙的含量,肝脏的脂肪、钙及游离氨基酸的含量,饥饿对肌肉的酸化成分不产生影响,但饥饿程度的增加,会对肝脏脂肪无氮浸出物及游离氨基酸产生影响;繁殖前雌性大鲵的肌肉肝脏的肪肪含量均高于雄性的。     

Annual sex hormonal profiles, gonad development and age determination of the Mekong giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas, Chevey)

Annual sex hormonal profiles, gonad development and age determination of 18 (13–14 kg body weight) and three (145–226 kg body weight) Mekong giant catfish (MGC) (Pangasianodon gigas, Chevey) reared in earthen ponds in Chiang Mai and from the Mekong River in Chiang Rai, Thailand, respectively, were investigated. The hormonal profiles were determined from blood samples of the fish by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay during May to August in 2000. The highest testosterone levels of 0.06 ng mL^?1 in both sexes and the highest oestradiol of 47.8 and 14.23 pg mL^?1 in females and males, respectively, were observed in May. The gonadosomatic index was found to be 0.07 for males and 0.38 for females from ponds in comparison with 2.27 for males and 8.29 for females from the Mekong River. Higher development stages of spermatocytes and oocytes of the cultured fish in May than in February and November were demonstrated. No mature germ cells were obtained from either the males or females, indicating no sexual maturity. The average age of fish was determined from the annual rings of the cross‐section of the pectoral fins by a stereomicroscope. The average age of fish in earthen pond determined from the annual ring was 8 years, which agreed with the actual culture records, while those from the Mekong River were 21 years. This information will be beneficial for the breeding programmes and conservation of the MGC.     

大熊猫犬冠状病毒的分离与鉴定

以犬肾传代细胞(MDCK)从1只病死大熊猫肝脏中分离到1株病毒,命名为DXMV。电镜观察磷钨酸负染的病毒细胞培养物，发现冠状病毒样粒子，超薄切片上可见细胞浆内病毒包涵体。理化学和生物学鉴定结果表明，DXMV核酸类型为RNA，对氯仿、乙醚敏感，可耐受1％胰蛋白酶的作用，具有一定的耐酸性和耐热性，可在MDCK、FCWF、F81细胞中增殖，无血凝性和血吸附特性。血清中和试验结果表明，DXMV可被犬冠状病毒阳性血清中和。采用犬冠状病毒间接荧光抗体法染色DXMV细胞飞片，可在细胞浆内见到特异性荧光。以冠状病毒通用引物和犬冠状病毒特异性引物，可从大熊猫肝脏和不同代次的病毒细胞培养物中扩增出与预期值251bp和515bp大小相同的核苷酸片段。由此说明，该病毒为犬冠状病毒，大熊猫可被犬冠状病毒感染。     

野外放归大熊猫肠道菌群变化的研究

对四川卧龙中国保护大熊猫研究中心的一只野外放归亚成体大熊猫肠道菌群的组成和季节变化规律进行了研究,同时与其圈养双胞胎兄弟的肠道菌群进行了比较。从放归大熊猫粪便中分离出17种肠道菌,优势菌群为肠杆菌、肠球菌和乳杆菌。与圈养大熊猫相比,放归大熊猫肠道菌群中优势菌群的种类未发生改变,但是肠球菌数量增加,肠杆菌和乳杆菌的数量减少。研究发现放归大熊猫肠道菌群中的肠杆菌和肠球菌的数量随季节变化有较大波动,乳杆菌的数量随季节变化波动不大;而圈养大熊猫三种优势菌的数量随季节变化波动都不大。     

三种融合标签对大熊猫轮状病毒结构蛋白VP6-VP7可溶性表达的影响

大熊猫轮状病毒(giant panda rotavirus,GPRV)是引起幼龄大熊猫腹泻的主要病原,对圈养大熊猫产生了较大的危害。轮状病毒结构蛋白VP6是一种载体蛋白,可介导黏膜免疫反应。VP7是轮状病毒结构蛋白中主要的中和抗原。因此,VP6-VP7的融合表达作为候选抗原对该病的防治具有重要的意义。传统大肠埃希菌原核表达存在表达量低、可溶性差以及纯度低等弊端。本研究使用醛缩酶(EDA)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)、麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)3种融合标签,以实现获得表达量高和纯度高的GPRV-VP6-VP7重组表达蛋白。将扩增的VP6、VP7基因片段利用同源重组酶构建到含3种融合标签的表达载体pET21b上,将重组质粒转化至大肠埃希菌Rosetta(DE3)感受态细胞中进行低温诱导表达。用Ni-柱亲和层析法纯化目的蛋白,SDS-PAGE和Image J分析蛋白表达量和可溶性,Western blot分析得到表达的重组表达蛋白正确且具有蛋白活性。实验结果证明,EDA标签能显著促进VP6-VP7蛋白的原核可溶性表达,提高VP6-VP7蛋白表达量。     

大熊猫犬瘟热病毒LG株的分离鉴定

为获得大熊猫犬瘟热病毒株,采集死亡大熊猫的心脏、肺、肝病料,研磨并反复冻融后收集上清液接种Vero细胞,待出现细胞病变(CPE)后,收集病毒液。用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)鉴定病毒分离株,测定病毒TCID_(50),动物回归试验测定其毒力。结果显示,盲传到第5代时,Vero细胞出现圆缩、聚集、脱落等病变;PCR扩增出287bp片段,与预期相符;测序结果显示,该毒株与已发表的CDV SD(14)11毒株(亚洲-Ⅰ型)的同源性为98%;毒株的TCID_(50)为10~(-5.2)/mL;幼犬感染分离毒株后出现体温升高、鼻头发干、拉稀、眼鼻分泌出水样分泌物等症状。本研究成功分离出大熊猫源犬瘟热病毒株。     

Current status and prospects of farming the giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) in Bangladesh

Giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming plays an important role in the economy of Bangladesh. Presently, it is cultured in around 50 000 ha area with total annual production of 23 240 t. Traditional extensive prawn farming has been expanding over the last three decades through the introduction and adoption of improved culture systems, such as culture of prawn‐carps, prawn‐shrimp‐fish and prawn‐fish‐rice as concurrent and rotational systems. Efforts for the development of improved techniques on broodstock management, seed production and rearing and grow‐out of prawn have been made over the last decade. The outcomes are low‐cost feed for broodstock, production of post‐larvae in net cages (hapa), all‐male prawn culture, periphyton based prawn‐tilapia culture, C/N based prawn culture, organic prawn farming, prawn‐mola culture and prawn‐carp‐mola polyculture. Despite the development of culture technologies, a number of challenges for sustainable development of prawn farming need to be overcome to realize the potentials of this promising sector. Good aquaculture practises at all levels and application of measures for quality control and food safety would ensure sustainable development of prawn farming in Bangladesh.     

人工哺育大熊猫幼仔1月龄内的饲喂及体重增长变化研究

人工圈养大熊猫出生幼仔一般采用自然哺育和人工哺育2种形式。人工哺育大熊猫幼仔1月龄内的饲喂及体重增长变化研究结果表明,3只研究个体均饲喂异母初乳时,其生长发育良好。经方差分析,3只幼仔1月龄内饲喂和体重变化均无显著差异。因圈养大熊猫产双胎的几率较大,所以采取人工哺育可以保证幼仔的成活率。目前人工哺育的方式主要是采集初乳及母乳和配制人工乳来进行人工育幼。