天津地区荷斯坦公牛CVM、DUMPS和CN遗传缺陷检测

本文旨在研究天津地区中国荷斯坦公牛脊椎畸形综合征（Complex vertebral malformation,CVM）、尿苷酸合酶缺乏症（Deftciencv of uridine monophospham synchase,DUMPS）和瓜氨酸血症（Citrullinemia,CN）3种遗传缺陷的携带者比率及系谱来源。通过PIRA—PCR和PCR—RFLP方法分别对天津奶牛发展中心参加全国青年公牛联合后裔测定和国家良种补贴项目的110头荷斯坦公牛进行了CVM、DUMPS和CN三种遗传缺陷检测。共发现6头CVM隐性有害基因携带公牛,携带者比例为5．45％,隐性有害等位基因频率为2．72％。经过系谱分析,其中4头CVM携带者均为美国公牛Carlin—MIvanhoeBell的后代,另外2头因系谱不完整而无法查询。未检测到DuMPs和CN隐性有害基因携带者。基于此,我国有必要尽快建立荷斯坦牛隐性遗传缺陷监控体系并进行系谱标注,避免携带公牛进入后裔测定和良种补贴项目,以逐步降低我国奶牛群体中遗传缺陷隐性等位基因频率。     

枯草芽孢杆菌CN620菌株制剂对板栗烂果病的防治及病原的抑制作用初报

从板栗树体上分离得到枯草芽孢杆菌 [Bacillussubtilis(Ehrenberg)Cohn]CN62 0菌株。室内测定其菌株制剂对Glomerellasp .、Alternariaalternata、Trichotheciumroseum、Pestalotiasp .和Fusariumsp .5种板栗烂果病主要病原的抑制作用均为 1 0 0 % ,而CN62 0菌株 50倍培养液 ,对上述 5种病菌的抑制效果为 86.5%～ 96.6%。其抑菌机理主要是使病菌孢子和菌丝畸变 ,细胞壁溶解 ,原生质泄漏。 1 997年和 1 998年连续两年两点对板栗烂果病进行小区防治试验的防治效果分别为 87.7%和 87.6% ,明显高于化学农药处理的 30 .4 %和 31 .7%的效果     

杂交苏丹草中CN-含量的测定

对传统的异烟酸－吡唑啉酮比色法测定CN^-的条件进行了优化，并用于测定杂交苏丹草体内CN^-的含量。结果表明，苏丹草在苗期体内CN^-含量较高，达163mg/kg，以后呈逐渐下降的趋势。     

Crop management effects on soil carbon sequestration on selected farmers’ fields in northeastern Ohio

Soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is the largest among terrestrial pools. The restoration of SOC pool in arable lands represents a potential sink for atmospheric CO₂. Restorative management of SOC includes using organic manures, adopting legume-based crop rotations, and converting plow till to a conservation till system. A field study was conducted to analyze soil properties on two farms located in Geauga and Stark Counties in northeastern Ohio, USA. Soil bulk density decreased with increase in SOC pool for a wide range of management systems. In comparison with wooded control, agricultural fields had a lower SOC pool in the 0–30 cm depth. In Geauga County, the SOC pool decreased by 34% in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown in a complex rotation with manuring and 51% in unmanured continuous corn (Zea mays L.). In Stark County, the SOC pool decreased by 32% in a field systematically amended with poultry manure and 40% in the field receiving only chemical fertilizers. In comparison with continuous corn, the rate of SOC sequestration in Geauga County was 379 kg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in no-till corn (2 years) previously in hay (12 years), 760 kg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in a complex crop rotation receiving manure and chemical fertilizers, and 355 kg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ without manuring. The rate of SOC sequestration was 392 kg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ on manured field in Stark County.     

Development of HRB500E seismic grade rebars by using VN microalloyed and controlled cooling process

In order to reduce the production cost of HRB500E seismic grade rebars, promote its production and application, HRB500E seismic grade rebars are developed by using VN microalloyed and controlled cooling process in domestic steel plant. The mechanism and effect of precipitation strengthening and fine-grain strengthening, the relationship between termination temperature after controlled cooling and mechanical properties of rebars, microstructure, welding and aging properties, high-strain and low-cycle fatigue properties for rebars are researched by using metallographic microscopy, scaning electron microcopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction apparatus, flash-butt welding, materials testing machine and mechanical properties testing. The results show that V(C,N) precipitation amount accounts for 66.67% of the total amount of vanadium by adding VN alloy in liquid steel, effect of microalloy precipitation strengthening is remarkable; when termination temperature after controlled cooling is controlled at 680～710 ℃, the amount of strength surplus for rebars is more than 25 MPa, R m/ R eL ratio is greater than 1.26, uniform elongation ( A gt) is more than or equal to 11.5%, good effect of fine grain strengthening and seismic performance are obtained; rebars have some good features such as low strain aging, good welding performance, high-strain and low-cycle fatigue properties; compared with VN microalloyed and hot-rolled process,the production cost is reduced by RMB 82 Yuan/t, and economic benefit is obvious.     

H2CN2和CaCN2对酿酒葡萄萌芽开花及成熟期的影响

试验于2001年10月-2002年8月在攀枝花进行。处理药剂及其浓度为16.7?CN2、0.5%~2.0%H2CN2、0.5%~2.0%H2CN2 1%吐温80;处理时期为12月25日、1月10日、1月25日。最佳处理时间是1月10日;最佳处理组合是1.0%H2CN2 1.0%吐温80,霞多丽、佳美、梅尔诺、黑虎香分别提前萌芽16、13、11、4d;提前成熟17、13、14、6d;提高萌芽率4%、12%、17%、9%;芽眼成枝率提高40%、29%、37%、12%;提高果枝率为9%、8%、28%、4%,提高结果系数7%、7%、37%、3%。不同品种对处理反应有差异,对照黑虎香有药害现象。     

破眠剂对攀西地区酿酒葡萄萌芽率的影响

2003~2004年和2004~2005年冬季,在四川省攀西地区对霞多丽、佳美、梅尔诺、玫瑰蜜4个葡萄品种的休眠冬芽进行了破眠剂处理,以提高第2年葡萄枝条萌芽率。结果表明,在冬季气温最低时(1月10日左右)处理,4个葡萄品种的萌芽率均有提高;1.0%H2CN2+1.0%吐温80处理萌芽率提高最大;不同葡萄品种对破眠剂处理的反应不同,梅尔诺、佳美处理后萌芽率提高最大,与霞多丽、玫瑰蜜差异显著。     

Two-decadal trends in aboveground litterfall and net primary production in self-thinning Pinus banksiana stands in Wood Buffalo National Park,NWT, Canada

We estimated the aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in five self-thinning jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stands in Wood Buffalo National Park, NWT, Canada. The stands (11 to ca.175 years old) were selected to examine the relationship between stand density and tree size and its effect on carbon dynamics. Aboveground litterfall was collected from each stand from 1997 to 2012. Stand biomass was estimated by measuring tree size every 5 years and estimating the individual mass using allometric relationships. ANPP was then estimated by summing the litterfall mass, dead stem mass increment and stand biomass increment. We determined the proportional contribution of each organ to the total litter and the seasonal pattern of needle litterfall. There was a lower turnover rate of aboveground biomass in older stands than younger stands. The ANPP increased in the youngest stand (<30 years old) showed a decreasing trend in stands >50 years old. The maximum ANPP was estimated to be ca. 500?g m^?2 year^?1 in dry matter, which was found in 30–50 year-old stands.     

灰枣红点软腐病菌拮抗菌株CN124的发酵培养基优化

为了降低灰枣红点软腐病对河南省灰枣的危害,减轻农药残留,探索灰枣红点软腐病的生物防治的途径。本研究以龟裂链霉菌菌株CN124为试材,灰枣红点软腐病菌Btryosphaeria dothidea作为目标防治菌株,采用单因子与均匀试验相结合的方法,通过均匀设计回归分析,筛选出菌株CN124对灰枣红点软腐病菌拮抗作用最佳的发酵培养基配方。结果表明,其最佳配方为:淀粉11.67%,玉米粉2.69%,(NH4)2SO40.22%,CaCO30%,NaCl 0.03%。     

攀西地区酿酒葡萄破眠剂处理提高抽枝率研究

2003~2004和2004~2005年两个冬季,在四川省攀西地区对霞多丽、佳美、梅鹿辄、黑虎香四个葡萄品种休眠冬芽进行了化学药剂处理。翌年抽枝率结果表明:在冬季气温最低时处理四个品种的抽枝率均有提高;1.0%H2CN2 1.0%吐温80处理抽枝率提高最大;葡萄品种成熟期不同,对化学药剂处理的反应亦不相同,品种按处理与对照的萌芽率比值大小排序,依次为早中熟品种佳美、中熟品种梅鹿辄、早熟品种霞多丽、晚熟品种黑虎香。