美金刚与多奈哌齐合用对帕金森痴呆患者MoCA、ADL与血清CRP、PARK7的影响

【摘要】 目的 研究分析美金刚与多奈哌齐合用对帕金森痴呆患者MoCA、ADL与血清CRP、PARK7的影响。方法 选取本院收治的89例行帕金森痴呆患者进行研究,将所选患者按照治疗方法的不同随机分为研究组49例与对照组40例。对照组患者给予多奈哌齐进行治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合美金刚进行治疗。回顾性分析两组患者的临床资料,对比分析两组患者临床疗效、认知功能以及日常生活能力的具体情况,并记录治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果 对照组总有效率为7750%,研究组总有效率为9592%,研究组总有效率高于对照组（P＜005）;治疗12周后,两组患者UPDRS总评分、MMSE评分、MoCA评分、ADL评分均较前明显改善。研究组UPDRS总评分低于对照组,MMSE评分、MoCA评分、ADL评分高于对照组,两组对比存在明显差异（P＜005）;治疗12周后,两组患者血清CRP、PARK7、NT 3水平均较前明显改善。研究组血清CRP、PARK7水平低于对照组,NT 3水平高于对照组,两组对比存在明显差异（P＜005）;对照组患者治疗后的不良反应发生率（1250%）高于研究组患者（1224%）,但两组比较无明显差异（P＞005）。结论 美金刚与多奈哌齐合用对帕金森痴呆患者具有良好的临床疗效,可以有效改善帕金森痴呆患者行为功能以及认知功能,并明显降低患者血清CRP、PARK7水平,提高了NT 3水平,且安全性较高,可作为帕金森痴呆患者首选的治疗方案。     

Comparison of the montreal cognitive assessment and the mini-mental state examination as screening tests in hemodialysis patients without symptoms

Cognitive impairment in end-stage renal disease patients is associated with an increased risk of mortality. We examined the cognitive function in hemodialysis (HD) patients and compared the Korean versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA) and of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) to identify the better cognitive screening instrument in these patients. Thirty patients undergoing hemodialysis and 30 matched reference group of apparently healthy control were included. All subjects underwent the K-MoCA, K-MMSE and a neuropsychological test battery to measure attention, visuospatial function, language, memory and executive function. All cognitive data were converted to z-scores with appropriate age and education level prior to group comparisons. Cognitive performance 1.0 SD below the mean was defined as modest cognitve impairment while 1.5 below the mean was defined as severe cognitive impairment. Modest cognitive impairment in memory plus other cognitive domains was detected in 27 patients (90%) while severe cognitive impairment in memory plus other cognitive domains was detected in 23 (77%) patients. Total scores in the K-MoCA were significantly lower in HD patients than in the reference group. However, no significant group difference was found in the K-MMSE. The K-MMSE ROC AUC (95% confidence interval) was 0.72 (0.59–0.85) and K-MoCA ROC AUC was 0.77 (0.65–0.89). Cognitive impairment is common but under-diagnosed in this population. The K-MoCA seems to be more sensitive than the K-MMSE in HD patients.     

Screening for neurocognitive impairment in HIV-positive adults aged 50 years and older: Montreal Cognitive Assessment relates to self-reported and clinician-rated everyday functioning

As the HIV+ population ages, the risk for and need to screen for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) increases. The aim of this study is to determine the utility and ecological validity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) among older HIV+ adults. A total of 100 HIV+ older adults aged 50 years or over completed a comprehensive neuromedical and neurocognitive battery, including the MoCA and several everyday functioning measures. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicates ≤26 as the optimal cut-off balancing sensitivity (84.2%) and specificity (55.8%) compared to “gold standard” impairment as measured on a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Higher MoCA total scores are significantly (p < .01) associated with better performance in all individual cognitive domains except motor abilities, with the strongest association with executive functions (r = ?0.49, p < .01). Higher MoCA total scores are also significantly (p <.01) associated with fewer instrumental activities of daily living declines (r = ?0.28), fewer everyday cognitive symptoms (r = ?0.25), and better clinician-rated functional status (i.e., Karnofsky scores; r = 0.28); these associations remain when controlling for depressive symptoms. HIV+ individuals who are neurocognitively normal demonstrate medium-to-large effect size differences in their MoCA performance compared to those with asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (d = 0.85) or syndromic HAND (mild neurocognitive disorder or HIV-associated dementia; d = 0.78), while the latter two categories do not differ. Although limited by less than optimal specificity, the MoCA demonstrates good sensitivity and ecological validity, which lends support to its psychometric integrity as a brief cognitive screening tool among older HIV+ adults.     

不同剂量拉莫三嗪治疗老年癫痫的比较研究

目的 探讨不同剂量拉莫三嗪治疗老年癫痫患者的临床疗效。方法 选择2014年7月—2018年2月洛阳市第三人民医院神经内科诊治的老年癫痫患者88例作为研究对象,根据拉莫三嗪使用剂量分为对照组（40例）和观察组（48例）。对照组患者给予大剂量拉莫三嗪片治疗,拉莫三嗪起始剂量25 mg/d,2周后为50 mg/d,第5周以后为目标剂量100 mg/d,维持100 mg/d治疗观察至第8周。观察组患者给予小剂量拉莫三嗪片治疗,起始剂量25 mg/d,2周后为50 mg/d,第5周以后为目标剂量50 mg/d,维持50 mg/d治疗观察至第8周。观察两组患者的临床疗效,同时比较两组患者蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评分、P300潜伏期、波幅和不良反应情况。结果 治疗后,对照组和观察组总有效率分别为97.5%、97.9%,两组对比差异无统计学意义。治疗后,两组患者的MoCA评分均显著高于治疗前,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且观察组治疗后的MoCA评分显著高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,观察组的P300潜伏期显著降低,波幅明显升高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且观察组治疗后P300潜伏期及波幅显著优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组治疗期间的不良反应发生率为6.3%,显著低于对照组的32.5%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 相对于大剂量,小剂量拉莫三嗪治疗老年癫痫患者能达到很好的疗效,能减少不良反应的发生,改善患者的神经电生理功能与认知功能。     

脑梗死后血管性认知功能障碍的危险因素研究

目的：探讨脑梗死后血管性认知功能障碍（ VCI）的危险因素。方法选择2011年我院收治的78例经中文版蒙特利尔量表（ MoCA）评定存在VCI的脑梗死患者作为VCI组,67例同期住院的不存在VCI的脑梗死患者作为对照组,比较两组患者的VCI相关影响因素,包括高龄（≥70岁）和低教育（≤6年）所占比例及高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、高同型半胱氨酸血症、高低密度脂蛋白血症、血管狭窄（＞50％）、左侧梗死、多次梗死、大面积梗死、脑白质疏松、吸烟、酗酒、脑萎缩发生率,并将脑梗死后VCI的相关影响因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析;比较两组患者MoCA各项评分及总分。结果单因素分析结果显示, VCI组患者高龄（≥70岁）、低教育（≤6年）所占比例及高血压、糖尿病、血管狭窄（＞50％）、左侧梗死、多次梗死、大面积梗死、脑白质疏松、酗酒、脑萎缩发生率均高于对照组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,高龄（≥70岁）〔OR＝5.971,95％CI （0.750,0.902）〕、左侧梗死〔OR＝4.861,95％CI （1.244,9.779）〕、糖尿病〔OR＝3.563,95％CI （1.181,9.336）〕、血管狭窄（＞50％）〔OR＝3.013,95％CI （1.272,13.481）〕、大面积梗死〔OR＝10.063,95％CI （1.416,33.295）〕、脑白质疏松〔OR＝3.361,95％CI （1.580,16.339）〕、脑萎缩〔OR＝2.794,95％CI （1.518,16.593）〕、酗酒〔OR＝2.421,95％CI （2.403,55.444）〕及多次梗死〔OR＝4.538,95％CI （1.165,13.550）〕是脑梗死后VCI的危险因素（ P＜0.05）。两组患者语言流.能力、命名能力、抽象概括能力及定向能力评分比较,差异无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）; VCI组患者记忆能力、视空间执行能力、注意及计算能力评分及MoCA总分均低于对照组（ P＜0.05）。结论高龄（≥70岁）、左侧梗死、糖尿病、血管狭窄（＞50％）、大面积梗死、脑白质疏松、脑萎缩、酗酒、多次梗死为脑梗死后VCI的危险因素,且VCI早期以记忆能力、视空间执行功能力、注意及计算能力下降为主。     

Feasibility and Exploratory Efficacy Evaluation of the Embrella Embolic Deflector System for the Prevention of Cerebral Emboli in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: The PROTAVI-C Pilot Study

ObjectivesThis study sought to determine the feasibility, safety, and exploratory efficacy of the Embrella Embolic Deflector (EED) system (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California) in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundFew data exist on the value of using embolic protection devices during TAVR.MethodsThis pilot study included 52 patients who underwent transfemoral TAVR. The EED system was used in 41 patients, whereas 11 patients underwent TAVR without embolic protection (control group). Cerebral diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) was performed at baseline and within 7 days and 30 days after TAVR.ResultsThe EED system was successfully deployed at the level of the aortic arch in all patients with no complications. The deployment of the EED system was associated with high-intensity transient signals (HITS) as evaluated by transcranial Doppler (median: 48 [interquartile range: 17 to 198] HITS), and a higher total number of HITS was observed in the EED group (p < 0.001 vs. control group). DW-MRI performed within 7 days after TAVR showed the presence of new ischemic lesions in all patients in both groups, with a median number of 7 (interquartile range: 3 to 13) lesions per patient. The use of the EED system was associated with a lower lesion volume compared with the control group (p = 0.003). All new cerebral lesions had disappeared on the DW-MRI performed at 30 days after TAVR. Two strokes unrelated to the EED system occurred 2 and 29 days after TAVR.ConclusionsThis study showed the feasibility and safety of using the EED system in TAVR procedures. The EED system did not prevent the occurrence of cerebral microemboli during TAVR or new transient ischemic lesions as evaluated by DW-MRI, but it was associated with a reduction in lesion volume. Further studies are warranted to determine the efficacy of using the EED system during TAVR procedures.     

基于Logistic回归分析血管性认知障碍中医证型与认知域及危险因素的相关性

目的 探讨血管性认知障碍（VCI）中医证型与认知域及危险因素的相关性。方法 将372例VCI患者参考血管性痴呆中医辨证量表（SDSVD）辨证分型,收集患者危险因素资料,采用蒙特利尔认知量表（MoCA）对患者认知功能进行评估,将中医证型与MoCA认知域及危险因素进行相关性分析。结果 Exact Logistic回归结果示:肾精亏虚证与视空间（P<0.01,OR=0.305）、注意力（P<0.05OR=0.469）、延迟回忆（P<0.01,OR=0.380）、定向力（P<0.05,OR=0.447）、年龄（P<0.01,OR=1.141）、体质量指数（BMI）（P<0.01,OR=1.363）相关;痰浊阻窍证与命名能力（P<0.05,OR=0.298）、语言能力（P<0.01,OR=0.336）、延迟回忆（P<0.01,OR=0.498）、定向力（P<0.05,OR=1.887）、BMI（P<0.05,OR=1.267）、高血压病（P<0.01,OR=5.850）、吸烟（P<0.05,OR=5.589）相关;瘀血阻络证与定向力（P<0.05,OR=0.571）、BMI（P<0.05,OR=1.283）、高血压病（P<0.01,OR=19.215）、糖尿病（P<0.01,OR=5.214）、吸烟（P<0.05,OR=6.188）相关;肝阳上亢证与注意力（P<0.05,OR=2.153）、抽象思维（P<0.01,OR=0.042）、定向力（P<0.05,OR=2.432）、年龄（P<0.05,OR=1.116）、高血压（P=0.01,OR=20.787）、吸烟（P<0.01,OR=15.289）、睡眠质量（P<0.05,OR=0.065）相关。结论 VCI各中医证型存在不同类型的认知域损害和危险因素特征,可为早期诊断和干预治疗提供依据。      

银杏叶片对血管性痴呆患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的探讨银杏叶片对血管性痴呆患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法选择2018年12月～2019年11月在杭州市中医院诊断治疗的血管性痴呆患者60例为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组各30例。对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在此基础上加用银杏叶片治疗,比较两组治疗后的血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血清内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)水平,比较两组治疗后MoCA、MMSE、Barthel评分及不良反应。结果 (1)两组VEGF水平、NO水平治疗后较治疗前升高,ET-1水平下降,差异有统计意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组VEGF、NO水平高于对照组,ET-1低于对照组,差异有统计意义(P0.05)。(2)治疗后两组MoCA较治疗前明显提高,差异有统计意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组MoCA高于对照组,差异有统计意义(P0.05)。(3)治疗后两组MMSE较治疗前提高,差异有统计意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组MMSE高于对照组,差异有统计意义(P0.05)。(4)治疗后两组较治疗前ADL提高,差异有统计意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组ADL高于对照组,差异有统计意义(P0.05)。(5)两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在常规治疗基础上加用银杏叶片治疗血管性痴呆,可改善血管内皮功能,改善认知功能,提高生活质量。     

脑心通胶囊联合盐酸美金刚治疗血管性痴呆的临床研究

目的探究脑心通胶囊联合盐酸美金刚治疗血管性痴呆患者临床效果。方法选取天津中医药大学第一附属医院2016年4月—2018年1月收治的血管性痴呆患者94例,随机分成对照组和治疗组,每组各47例。对照组口服盐酸美金刚片,第1周剂量5 mg/d,然后每周递增5 mg至第4周达到维持剂量20 mg/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服脑心通胶囊,3粒/次,3次/d。两组均连续治疗2个月。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者认知障碍改善情况、脑血流动力学和血清炎性细胞因子水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组临床总有效率分别为74.47%和91.49%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者日常生活能力量表(ADL)、简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分显著升高(P0.05),且治疗组患者ADL、MMSE和MoCA评分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组大脑前动脉(ACA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)、大脑中动脉(MCA)和左右椎动脉(VA)平均血流速度明显升高(P0.05),且治疗组患者ACA、PCA、MCA、VA平均血流速度明显高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平明显降低(P0.05),且治疗组CRP、IL-18、IL-6、TNF-α水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论脑心通胶囊联合盐酸美金刚治疗血管性痴呆患者对认知障碍改善起积极作用,促使脑部血液循环改善,还可抑制炎症反应,具有较高用药安全性,疗效显著。     

清脑复神液联合尼莫地平治疗血管性认知障碍的临床研究

目的研究清脑复神液联合尼莫地平片治疗血管性认知障碍的临床疗效。方法选取2015年12月—2018年12月绵阳市中心医院收治的115例血管性认知障碍患者为研究对象,将所有患者随机分为对照组(57例)和治疗组(58例)。对照组患者口服尼莫地平,2片/次,4次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上口服清脑复神液,10 mL/次,2次/d。两组患者持续治疗8周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组的蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分、简易精神智能量表(MMSE)评分、血清因子水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为85.96%、93.10%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者MoCA评分和MMSE评分均显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);并且治疗组患者MoCA评分和MMSE评分明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和血栓素B2(TXB2)水平均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);并且治疗组患者血清因子水平明显低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论清脑复神液联合尼莫地平片治疗血管性认知障碍具有较好的治疗效果,能改善患者认知功能,降低NSE和TXB2水平,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。