Training in Informatics: Teaching Informatics in Surgical Pathology

This article presents an overview of the curriculum deemed essential for trainees in pathology, with mapping to the Milestones competency statements. The means by which these competencies desired for pathology graduates, and ultimately practitioners, can best be achieved is discussed. The value of case (problem)-based learning in this realm, in particular the kind of integrative experience associated with hands-on projects, to both cement knowledge gained in the lecture hall or online and to expand competency is emphasized.     

全科医生内隐胜任力量表的编制及应用研究

背景 全科医生是基层医疗服务的“主力军”,现有关于全科医生胜任力的研究大部分强调应着力提升全科医生的知识和技能水平,忽略了全科医生内隐素质的重要性。目前我国仍缺乏评估全科医生内隐胜任力的有效工具,开发全科医生内隐胜任力量表（GPICRS）对于提高基层医疗服务质量具有重要意义。目的 编制GPICRS,并对其进行评价,旨在为提升全科医生胜任力提供一定的参考。方法 在文献分析和行为事件访谈的基础上,形成初始版量表。于2021年9—12月,采用随机抽样法,从全国选取380例全科医生为研究对象,采用初始版GPICRS对其进行调查,通过项目净化、探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析、信效度分析验证量表的合理性,基于加权平均法评价全科医生的内隐胜任力水平,比较不同特征全科医生的GPICRS平均总得分及各维度得分。结果 共回收有效问卷335份（88.2%）。GPICRS由工作动机、自我效能感、医学人文关怀和医学职业素养4个维度14个条目构成。探索性因子分析结果显示,KMO值为0.737,Bartlett’s球形检验χ2=592.715、P<0.001,表明数据适合进行因子分析;按特征根>1.00...     

签约服务情境下全科医生岗位胜任力自评量表的开发与信效度检验

背景 随着我国基层医疗卫生机构全科医生签约服务的启动和落实,全科医生岗位胜任力逐渐成为国家推进分级诊疗、实现基层医疗卫生服务有效供给的基础。目标明确、操作性强并以胜任力为导向的日常考核和评价机制,能够正向激励全科医生的工作并促进签约服务不断提质增效。目的 编制全科医生岗位胜任力自评量表,为科学评价我国全科医生的岗位胜任能力提供适用的工具。方法 基于全科医生岗位胜任力模型,通过文献回顾并参考相关岗位胜任力量表进行了测量题项拟定和初始量表设计。并于2021年4—8月对全国主要省级行政区域的基层全科医生进行问卷调查,最终收集了402份有效问卷数据。将有效样本（n=402）平均随机分为两部分,样本A(n=201)用于探索性因子分析,样本B(n=201)用于验证性因子分析,并在此基础上对最终量表进行了信效度检验。结果 最终的全科医生岗位胜任力量表包括4个维度（全科服务能力、人文执业能力、团队协作能力、学习发展能力）、21个条目。总量表的Cronbach’s α系数为0.929,全科服务能力、人文执业能力、团队协作能力、学习发展能力4个维度的Cronbach’s α系数分别为0.877、0.850...     

ESCMID generic competencies in antimicrobial prescribing and stewardship: towards a European consensus

Objective

To develop a consensus-based set of generic competencies in antimicrobial prescribing and stewardship for European prescribers through a structured consensus procedure.

How does French initial osteopathic training value relational competency,patient education,and the competency-based approach? A cross-sectional survey

BackgroundDespite the promotion of international osteopathic recommendations and registration guidelines, relational competencies and patient education practices present a challenge in the clinical setting due to lack of training. In France, the latest national osteopathic standards for education and practice defined a relational competency that includes patient education. Little is known about its integration in curricula and how French osteopathic practitioners are subsequently trained for relational competency.ObjectiveTo determine teaching, learning, and assessment methods related to relational competency in French initial osteopathic training programs and identify the role of patient education in this relational competency.MethodsAn online questionnaire was designed and sent to all initial training institutes in France (n = 28). Eight institutes answered the survey.ResultsThe relational competencies appeared in various courses, enhanced by clinical learning. However, the courses were not specific to this competency and the volume of hours was relatively low. Patient education was seen as part of relational competency but was poorly implemented. This competency-based approach is still considered an emerging practice in these institutes.ConclusionsThere is a misalignment among intended learning outcomes, teaching, and assessment. Current educational practices are not sufficient to support relational competency, specifically regarding patient education. Further research is needed on how French standards are understood, how they are assimilated by educators, and how they are translated into educational practice. In addition, the adequacy of educators' training for effective implementation of the competency-based approach should be questioned.     

Guest Editorial

No abstract available for this article.     

Training in aspiration abortion care: An observational cohort study of achieving procedural competence

BackgroundStudies in multiple countries have found that the provision of aspiration abortion care by trained nurses, midwives, and other front-line health care workers is safe and acceptable to women. In the United States, most state abortion laws restrict the provision of abortion to physicians; nurse practitioners, nurse-midwives, and physician assistants, can legally perform medication abortion in only twelve states and aspiration abortion in five. Expansion of abortion care by these providers, consistent with their scopes of practice, could help alleviate the increasing difficulty of accessing abortion care in many states.ObjectivesThis study used a competency-based training model to teach advanced practice clinicians to perform vacuum aspiration for the abortion care. Previous research reporting on the training of providers other than physicians primarily focused on numbers of procedures performed, without assessment of skill competency or clinician confidence.DesignIn this prospective, observational cohort study, advanced practice clinician trainees were recruited from 23 clinical sites across six partner organizations. Trainees participated in a standardized, competency-based didactic and clinical training program in uterine aspiration for first-trimester abortion.SettingsTrainee clinicians needed to be employed by one of the six partner organizations and have an intention to remain in clinical practice following training.ParticipantsCalifornia-licensed advanced practice clinicians were eligible to participate in the training if they had at least 12 months of clinical experience, including at least three months of medication abortion provision, and certification in Basic Life Support.MethodsA standardized, competency-based training program consisting of both didactic and clinical training in uterine aspiration for first-trimester abortion was completed by 46 advanced practice clinician participants. Outcomes related to procedural safety and to the learning process were measured between August 2007 and December 2013, and compared to those of resident physician trainees.ResultsEssentially identical odds of complications occurring from advanced practice clinician-performed procedures were not significantly different than the odds of complications occurring from resident-performed procedures (OR: 0.99; CI: 0.46–2.02; p > 0.05) after controlling for patient sociodemographic and medical history. The number of training days to foundational competence ranged from six to 10, and the number of procedures to competence for those who completed training ranged from 40 to 56 (median = 42.5).ConclusionsA standardized, competency-based trainingprogram can prepare advanced practice clinicians to safely provide first-trimester aspiration abortions. Access to safe abortion care can be enhanced by increasing the number of providers from cadres of clinicians other than physicians.     

基于初级指挥军官任职需求的军校技术类学员胜任力模型研究

目的:建立基于初级指挥军官任职需求的军校技术类学员胜任力模型。方法:通过文献法和问卷法建立初级指挥军官胜任力指标,针对军校技术类学员施测,运用统计学方法处理和分析数据。结果:建立的胜任力模型具有良好的信效度,与已有的模型相比具有一定特殊性。结论:初级指挥军官胜任力模型可以作为技术类学员选拔、训练、培养和分配的科学依据,对改革军校技术类学员培养模式具有一定启示意义。