相干源二维波达方向估计

本文分析了平面阵接收信号的协方差矩阵，发现它可分解为一个广义对称矩阵与一个非广义对称矩阵之和，利用信号协方差矩阵的这一结构特征，重点研究了相干源二维波达方向（DOA）估计．该方法通过构造一个差矩阵，求出其本特征值对应的任一特征向量，利用谱函数估计相干源二维DOA．简要分析了二维DOA估计的分维处理。     

线性调频相干激光雷达的信号处理

分析了相干激光雷达线性调频脉冲的产生及其信号处理过程，讨论了该雷达信号体制的处理方法和结果。计算了采用匹配滤波和加权处理结果，对于1MHz／μs的调制速率信号的结果表明，激光相干雷达的测速和测距精度分别可达0.04m／s和0．57m.     

Fast microwave detection system for coherent synchrotron radiation study at KEK: Accelerator test facility

A fast room temperature microwave detection system based on the Schottky Barrier-diode detector was created at the KEK ATF (Accelerator Test Facility). It was tested using Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) generated by the 1.28 GeV electron beam in the damping ring. The speed performance of the detection system was checked by observing the CSR from a multi-bunch (2.8 ns bunch separation time) beam. The theoretical estimations of CSR power yield from an edge of bending magnet as well as new injection tuning method are presented. A very high sensitivity of CSR power yield to the longitudinal electron distribution in a bunch is discussed.     

强度型光纤传感器的信号检测系统

本文阐述了一种可提高强度型光纤传感器测量精度的检测系统。该系统利用同一检测电路交替检测信号、参考通道的输出信号，并将信号、参考两通道的检测结果相除，从而消除了因发光二极管光源波动及检测电路系统不稳定所带来的误差。采用同步相关技术抑制了噪声，提高了输出信噪比。实验证明，当时间常数ＲＣ为０．０５Ｓ时，采用该检测系统可获得优于千分之一的零点稳定性和优于２×１０３的输出信噪比。     

Onr-partition designs in hamming spaces

The concept of the combinatorial matrix of an unrestricted code and the notion of anr-partition design admitted by a code are introduced and discussed in detail. The theory includes a characterization of completely regular codes, and a combinatorial interpretation of the fact that the distinct rows of the distance distribution matrix of a code are linearly independent. In general, it is possible to compute the distance distribution matrix of any code admitting a given partition design by solving a well-defined system of linear equations; this is an efficient technique provided the number of classes in the partition is relatively small.     

Fluctuation X-ray microscopy: a novel approach for the structural study of disordered materials

Measuring medium‐range order is a challenging and important problem in the structural study of disordered materials. We have developed a new technique, fluctuation x‐ray microscopy, that offers quantitative insight into medium‐range correlations in disordered materials at nanometre and larger length scales.In this technique, which requires a spatially coherent x‐ray beam, a series of speckle patterns are measured at a large number of locations in a sample using various illumination sizes. Examination of the speckle variance as a function of the illumination spot size allows the structural correlation length to be measured. To demonstrate this technique we have studied polystyrene latex spheres, which serve as a model for a dense random‐packed glass, and for the first time have measured the correlation length in a disordered system by fluctuation X‐ray microscopy. We discuss data analysis and procedures to correct for shot noise and detector noise. This approach could be used to explore medium‐range order and subtle spatial structural changes in a wide range of disordered materials, from soft matter to nanowire arrays, semiconductor quantum dot arrays and magnetic materials.     

基于谱对称的形状配准方法

针对现有三维形状配准方法中存在左右翻转的错误匹配问题,提出了基于内蕴对称特征检测的高效形状配准算法。首先,通过热核与几何约束构建模型的内蕴自对称点对;其次,基于谱嵌入特征空间分析提取模型的内蕴对称平面,并依据模型表面法向量有效识别模型的左右结构属性;然后,根据内蕴对称点对获得模型的一致性谱对称结构描述;最后,引入一致性点漂移算法(CPD),实现基于谱对称的非刚性模型的形状配准,有效避免了模型配准中的左右结构翻转问题。实验进一步论证了这种方法不仅有效提高了模型匹配的效率,而且能有效识别同类模型的结构特征,对于非刚性模型的配准具有较强的鲁棒性。     

PIV and PTV measurements in hydro-sciences with focus on turbulent open-channel flows

PIV is one of the most popular measurement techniques in hydraulic engineering as well as in fluid sciences. It has been applied to study various turbulent phenomena in laboratory experiments related to natural rivers, e.g., bursting phenomena near the bed, mixing layers observed at confluences, wake turbulence around dikes and piers, and so on. In these studies, PIV plays important roles in revealing the space-time structure of velocity fluctuations and coherent vortices. This review article focuses particularly on the applications of PIV to turbulent open-channel flows, which have been conducted for the past decade in Hydraulics Laboratory of Kyoto University. In Section 2, we introduce our experimental setup and PIV/PTV algorithm. In Section 3, we apply the PIV measurements to reveal turbulence characteristics and coherent structures in open-channel flows as well as in vegetated canopy flows. For complex flow situations, various applications of PIV to compound open-channel flows and wind-induced water waves are considered to reveal coherent vortices. In Section 4, we discuss some advanced PIV measurements in open-channel flows. The free-surface-elevation fluctuations and velocity components were measured simultaneously with two sets of cameras to examine phase-averaged parameters of turbulence. A multi-layer scanning PIV was developed to reveal 3D turbulence structure in compound open-channel flows. Our discriminator PIV/PTV was applied successfully to sediment-laden open-channel flows and revealed the fluid/particle interaction and the relationship between coherent structures and sediment concentration. Finally, we conducted simultaneous measurements of velocity and dye concentration with a combination of PIV and LIF in vegetated open-channel flow, which enables us to examine turbulent scalar flux of a passive contaminant.     

Angular distribution of radiation by relativistic electrons in a thin crystal

The results of theoretical investigation of angular distributions of radiation from a relativistic electron passing through a thin crystal at a small angle to the crystal axis are presented. The electron trajectories in crystal were simulated using the binary collision model which takes into account both coherent and incoherent effects at scattering. The angular distribution of radiation was calculated as a sum of radiation from each electron. It is shown that there are non-trivial angular distributions of the emitted photons, which is connected to the superposition of the coherent scattering of electrons by atomic rows (“doughnut scattering” effect) and the suppression of the radiation due to the multiple scattering effect (similar to the Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect in an amorphous matter). The orientation dependence of angular distribution of radiation is also analyzed.     

沟槽面在湍流减阻中的应用

对近些年来的沟槽面湍流减阻技术的工业应用方向 ,沟槽的几何形状和尺度、流场压力梯度、沟槽面放置方式对于沟槽减阻效能的影响 ,沟槽面对于湍流边界层流动特性的影响 ,沟槽面的湍流减阻机理几方面研究进展进行了综述。从湍流拟序结构理论出发提出 :具有减阻效应的沟槽面不但能通过控制低速制条带间距来降低湍流“猝发”频率 ,而且在“猝发”后的高速“下扫”过程中因其几何结构使藏在槽内的安静流体避免或部分避免因高速“下扫”而“诱导”出较大速度剪切层 ,从而实现减阻。同时指出需要利用先进的实验技术如PIV等图像处理手段并结合直接数值模拟对湍流边界层的瞬时流场进行研究 ,以其找出湍流边界层的流动结构及其运动规律。