我院2003～2004年抗微生物药物使用频度分析

目的:了解我院抗微生物药物的应用情况及趋势,为临床医护人员及产、供、用单位有关人员提供参考。方法:以限定日剂量(DDD)、用药人次(DDDs)、消耗金额(元)、每日药费(元)为统计指标,对我院2003 -2004年抗微生物药物的应用情况进行初步统计、分析结果:2003年DDDs排序前20位的品种有14个进入2004年的前20位,2003年消耗金额排序前20位的品种有16个进入2004年的前20位:与2003年比较:2004年抗微生物药物的品种增加了14种、消耗金额增加了311%、人均日药费增加了19.84%,口服制剂所占的DDDs和消耗金额比率略有下降,而注射制剂的情况正好相反。结论:我院抗微生物药物应用广泛, 使用基本合理。     

我院1996年～2000年抗肿瘤治疗用药分析

目的:了解抗肿瘤治疗药物的应用现状,预测其发展趋势,为临床合理用药提供依据.方法:对本院1996年～2000年抗肿瘤药、免疫药品制剂、升白药用药数据,从药品金额、药理分类、用药排序等方面进行统计分析和比较.结果与结论:抗肿瘤药占药品年消耗总金额的26.86%～30.06%,抗肿瘤免疫制剂、升白药占药品年消耗总金额的19.04%～24.31%.抗肿瘤药、免疫制剂、升白药是目前肿瘤治疗的主要用药方向.     

基于THE和QS评价指标的医学学科排名体系构建

目的：分析医学学科国际排名的影响因素，为我国医学学科发展提供参考。方法：在THE、QS排名指标的基础上，构建新的医学学科排名指标体系，运用统计学软件SPSS 24.0分析100所高水平医学大学的类型、特征，揭示不同类型大学的优势、劣势。结果：教育教学是各类型大学学科发展核心，亚洲大学国际化水平偏低，科研论文在THE和QS排名中作用有限，国内大学享有较好的国际声誉。结论：在我国医学学科建设中，应注重教学品质，重视高质量科研成果的产出，加快国际交流与合作、继续提升国际声誉。     

Comparative hazard identification of nano- and micro-sized cerium oxide particles based on 28-day inhalation studies in rats

There are many uncertainties regarding the hazard of nanosized particles compared to the bulk material of the parent chemical. Here, the authors assess the comparative hazard of two nanoscale (NM-211 and NM-212) and one microscale (NM-213) cerium oxide materials in 28-day inhalation toxicity studies in rats (according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development technical guidelines). All three materials gave rise to a dose-dependent pulmonary inflammation and lung cell damage but without gross pathological changes immediately after exposure. Following NM-211 and NM-212 exposure, epithelial cell injury was observed in the recovery groups. There was no evidence of systemic inflammation or other haematological changes following exposure of any of the three particle types. The comparative hazard was quantified by application of the benchmark concentration approach. The relative toxicity was explored in terms of three exposure metrics. When exposure levels were expressed as mass concentration, nanosized NM-211 was the most potent material, whereas when expression levels were based on surface area concentration, micro-sized NM-213 material induced the greatest extent of pulmonary inflammation/damage. Particles were equipotent based on particle number concentrations. In conclusion, similar pulmonary toxicity profiles including inflammation are observed for all three materials with little quantitative differences. Systemic effects were virtually absent. There is little evidence for a dominant predicting exposure metric for the observed effects.     

2015—2019年天津市眼科医院局部抗青光眼用药的使用情况分析

目的 分析2015—2019年天津市眼科医院局部抗青光眼药品的使用情况及发展趋势。方法 对天津市眼科医院2015—2019年局部抗青光眼药品的销售金额、用药频度（DDDs）、日均费用（DDC）、排序比（B/A）等进行回顾性统计分析。结果 前列腺素衍生物类局部抗青光眼药品的销售金额远高于其他4类药品销售金额。拉坦前列素滴眼液（国产）、拉坦前列素滴眼液（进口）、曲伏前列素滴眼液、盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液、酒石酸溴莫尼定滴眼液、布林佐胺滴眼液稳居本院用药金额前6位。盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液DDD稳居第1位。除了2015—2016年盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液的DDC值略有上升外,其他滴眼液的DDC值均维持不变或呈下降的趋势。盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液的B/A最高。结论 本院局部抗青光眼药品使用基本合理,前列腺素衍生物类药物逐渐成为抗青光眼的一线用药。     

Prioritization of livestock transboundary diseases in Belgium using a multicriteria decision analysis tool based on drivers of emergence

During the past decade, livestock diseases have (re‐)emerged in areas where they had been previously eradicated or never been recorded before. Drivers (i.e. factors of (re‐)emergence) have been identified. Livestock diseases spread irrespective of borders, and therefore, reliable methods are required to help decision‐makers to identify potential threats and try stopping their (re‐)emergence. Ranking methods and multicriteria approaches are cost‐effective tools for such purpose and were applied to prioritize a list of selected diseases (N = 29 including 6 zoonoses) based on the opinion of 62 experts in accordance with 50 drivers‐related criteria. Diseases appearing in the upper ranking were porcine epidemic diarrhoea, foot‐and‐mouth disease, low pathogenic avian influenza, African horse sickness and highly pathogenic avian influenza. The tool proposed uses a multicriteria decision analysis approach to prioritize pathogens according to drivers and can be applied to other countries or diseases.     

Precision cut intestinal slices are an appropriate ex vivo model to study NSAID-induced intestinal toxicity in rats

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used therapeutic agents, however, they are associated with a high prevalence of intestinal side effects. In this investigation, rat precision cut intestinal slices (PCIS) were evaluated as an ex vivo model to study NSAID-induced intestinal toxicity.Firstly, PCIS were incubated with 0–200 μM diclofenac (DCF), one of the most intensively studied NSAIDs, to investigate whether they could correctly reflect the toxic mechanisms. DCF induced intestinal toxicity in PCIS was shown by morphological damage and ATP depletion. DCF induced endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial injury and oxidative stress were reflected by up-regulated HSP-70 (heat shock protein 70) and BiP (binding immunoglobulin protein) gene expression, caspase 9 activation, GSH (glutathione) depletion and HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1) gene up-regulation respectively. Furthermore, DCF intestinal metabolites, which gave rise to protein adduct but not toxicity, were detected in PCIS.Secondly, PCIS were incubated with various concentrations of five NSAIDs. Typical NSAID-induced morphological changes were observed in PCIS. The ex vivo toxicity ranking (diflunisal > diclofenac = indomethacin > naproxen ≫ aspirin) showed good correlation with published in vitro and in vivo data, with diflunisal being the only exception.In conclusion, PCIS correctly reflect the various mechanisms of DCF-induced intestinal toxicity, and can serve as an ex vivo model for the prediction of NSAID-induced intestinal toxicity.