The relation between satisfaction with appearance and race and ethnicity: A National Institute on Disability,Independent Living,and Rehabilitation Research burn model system study

Research supports that people of color in the U.S. have poorer outcomes after burn injury compared to White individuals. The current study sought to explore burn health disparities by testing the relationship between racial and ethnic minority status, a proxy for systemic discrimination due to race and ethnicity, with two key constructs linked to functional outcomes, satisfaction with appearance and social community integration. Participants included 1318 burn survivors from the Burn Model System National Database (mean age = 40.2, SD = 12.7). Participants completed measures of satisfaction with appearance and social community integration at baseline, 6-, 12-, and 24-months after burn injury. Linear regressions revealed that racial and ethnic minority status significantly related to lower satisfaction with appearance and social community integration compared to White individuals at all time points. In addition, satisfaction with appearance continued to significantly relate to greater social community integration even while accounting for race and ethnicity, age, sex, burn size, and physical disability at 6-, 12-, and 24-month time points. Overall, the study supports that racial and ethnic minority burn survivors report greater dissatisfaction with their appearance and lower social community reintegration after burn injury.     

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate,reduces corneal damage secondary from experimental grade II alkali burns in mice

Background

Since recent reports have shown that (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) could be used for treating proliferative and inflammatory disorders, we explored its use for the management of corneal chemical burns.

The longitudinal validity,reproducibility and responsiveness of the Brisbane Burn Scar Impact Profile (caregiver report for young children version) for measuring health-related quality of life in children with burn scars

BackgroundThe measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) provides information about the perceived burden of the health condition and treatments from a lived experience. The Brisbane Burn Scar Impact Profile (caregiver report for young children, BBSIP^0–8), developed in 2013, is a proxy-report measure of burn scar-specific HRQoL. The aim of this study was to report its psychometric properties in line with an evaluative purpose.MethodsCaregivers of children up to 8 years of age at risk of burn scarring were recruited into a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Caregivers completed the BBSIP^0–8, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and Patient Observer Scar Assessment Scale at baseline (approximately ≥85% of the total body surface area re-epithelialised), 1–2 weeks after baseline and 1-month after baseline. Psychometric properties measured included internal consistency, test–retest reliability, validity and responsiveness.ResultsEighty-six caregivers of mostly male children (55%), of a median age (IQR) of 1 year, 10 months (2 years, 1 month) and total body surface area burn of 1.5% (3.0%) were recruited. Over one third of participants were grafted and 15% had contractures or skin tightness at baseline. Internal consistency of ten item groups ranged from 0.73 to 0.96. Hypothesised correlations of changes in the BBSIP^0–8 items with changes in criterion measures supported longitudinal validity (ρ ranging from ?0.73 to 0.68). The majority of item groups had acceptable reproducibility (ICC = 0.65–0.83). The responsiveness of five item groups was supported (AUC = 0.71–0.90).ConclusionThe psychometric properties tested support the use of the BBSIP^0–8 as an evaluative measure of burn scar-related health-related quality of life for children aged below eight years in the early post-acute period of rehabilitation. Further investigation at longer time period after burn injury is indicated.     

The impact of foot shock-induced stress on pain-related behavior associated with burn injury

Acute pain is prevalent following burn injury and can often transition to chronic pain. Prolonged acute pain is an important risk factor for chronic pain and there is little preclinical research to address this problem. Using a mouse model of second-degree burn, we investigated whether pre-existing stress influences pain(sensitivity) after a burn injury. We introduced a contribution of stress in two different ways: (1) the use of foot-shock as a pre-injury stressor or (2) the use of A/J mice to represent higher pre-existing stress compared to C57Bl/6 mice. C57Bl/6 and A/J mice were exposed to repeated mild foot shock to induce stress for 10 continuous days and mice underwent either burn injury or sham burn injury of the plantar surface of the right hind paw. Assessments of mechanical and thermal sensitivities of the injured and uninjured paw were conducted during the shock protocol and at intervals up to 82-day post-burn injury. In both strains of mice that underwent burn injury, thermal hypersensitivity and mechanical allodynia appeared rapidly in the ipsilateral paw. Mice that were stressed took much longer to recover their hind paw mechanical thresholds to baseline compared to non-stressed mice in both burn and non-burn groups. Analysis of the two mouse strains revealed that the recovery of mechanical thresholds in A/J mice which display higher levels of baseline anxiety was shorter than C57Bl/6 mice. No differences were observed regarding thermal sensitivities between strains. Our results support the view that stress exposure prior to burn injury affects mechanical and thermal thresholds and may be relevant to as a risk factor for the transition from acute to chronic pain. Finally, genetic differences may play a key role in modality-specific recovery following burn injury.     

Variations in insulin requirements can be an early indicator of sepsis in burn patients

IntroductionA >25% increase in daily insulin dosing is suggestive of possible sepsis in burn patients, however, no conclusive evidence is available regarding the time point at which insulin dosing begins to increase. The purpose of this study is to determine the exact time point at which the insulin requirement increases among non-diabetic burn patients with sepsis.MethodsA retrospective chart review in non-diabetic burn patients with ≥20% total body surface area burned (TBSA) during 2010–2018 who received a blood culture for suspected sepsis. Absolute insulin dosing at intervals (0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h prior to blood culture) were Box–Cox transformed and compared vs.?96 h reference using mixed-effects models accounting for within-patient dependencies.ResultsFifty-eight patients (84% males, age 44 ± 17 years, TBSA% 49 ± 17.5) were included. When cube root of daily insulin dosing was regressed on each time point in a mixed-effects model, statistically significant increase in insulin dosing compared to baseline was observed for ?48 (p = 0.018), ?24 (p = 0.011), and 0 h (p = 0.008).ConclusionDaily insulin dosing increases 48 h prior to development of other clinical signs of sepsis and can be used as a sensitive early marker.     

颈肩背轴型反流皮瓣修复儿童颏颈瘢痕挛缩

目的探讨修复儿童颏颈瘢痕挛缩一种实用而较理想的方法.方法以颈横动脉浅支为蒂,利用其与旋肩胛动脉皮支的丰富吻合,反流形成超长的轴型皮瓣,向前旋转修复瘢痕松解后的颈前创面.结果采用本皮瓣修复30例儿童颏颈瘢痕挛缩,其中18例随访2年,颈部活动自如,颌骨发育无明显异常,皮瓣色泽良好,效果令人满意.结论本皮瓣轴型血管恒定,反流灌注动脉压高有保证,供瓣面积充足,供区多可直接拉拢缝合,是修复儿童颏颈瘢痕挛缩的较理想方法.     

烧伤后手指瘢痕挛缩畸形综合治疗的临床研究

目的通过比较手术结合康复综合治疗方案与常规治疗方案对烧伤后手指瘢痕挛缩畸形的治疗效果,探讨综合治疗的优越性及经验。方法1999年6月~2004年6月,共56例烧伤后手指瘢痕挛缩畸形患者纳入试验。综合治疗组(A组)28例,男20例,女8例;年龄14~47岁,平均31岁;患手共47只129指,以手术结合系统康复治疗。常规治疗组(B组)28例,男17例,女11例;年龄18~51岁,平均30岁;患手共42只107指,采用常规手术,术后仅作简单的康复性锻炼指导,由患者在院外自己完成功能锻炼。采用Swanson法对患指运动功能进行评定,九孔柱试验法对患手整体运动功能进行评定,比较两组患者治疗前后手指和手整体运动功能的差异。结果A组患者术后均获随访12~19个月,B组患者均获随访13~20个月。治疗前A组患指的强直失能指数(indexofankylosis,IA)值为82%±20%,B组为78%±17%;治疗后A组为45%±13%,B组为52%±14%;治疗前后A组IA差值为37%±15%,B组为26%±15%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前A组九孔柱测量值28.34±5.62s,B组为27.47±5.78s;治疗后A组为20.73±4.25s,B组为21.86±4.12s;治疗前后A组九孔柱测量差值为7.61±2.27s,B组为5.61±2.94s,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论烧伤后手指瘢痕挛缩畸形采用手术结合康复综合治疗的效果明显优于常规治疗,值得推广。     

烧伤后红细胞免疫的变化及意义

对近年来烧伤后红细胞免疫的研究作一综述。     

应用MEBT/MEBO治疗55例烧伤病人的疗效观察

目的：观察MEBT／MEBO对烧伤病人的治疗效果。方法：全程采用MEBT／MEBO治疗55例不同面积和深度的烧伤病人，观察创面愈合时间，感染及创面疼痛程度。结果：55例烧伤病人全部治愈，治愈率100％；创面感染3例，感染率5．5％。各种创面均能在预期内愈合，疼痛减轻和消失。结论：MEBT／MEBO能促进创面愈合，减少创面感染率，对深Ⅱ度烧伤创面治疗愈后不留瘢痕或少留瘢痕，方法简便，效果良好。     

犬烟雾吸入性损伤早期肺洗出液灌注大鼠肺所致损伤的研究

目的　研究犬烟雾吸入性损伤早期肺洗出液的生物学活性。　方法　获取犬急性烟雾吸入性损伤早期肺洗出液及正常犬肺洗出液。将Wistar大鼠随机分为A(2 8只 )、B(2 9只 )、C(37只 )组 ,每组各取 7只不作处理作为正常对照 ,其余大鼠肺部作如下处理 :A组注入等渗盐水 ,B组注入正常犬肺洗出液 ,C组注入致伤犬肺洗出液。处死各组中正常对照大鼠 ,并于灌注后 4、12、2 4h处死灌注大鼠 ,观察各组大鼠处死前的存活情况、处死后双肺大体变化及组织病理学改变。检测肺组织匀浆中 6 酮 前列腺素F1α/血栓素B2 (PGF1α/TXB2 )、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)、髓过氧化物酶 (MPO)含量及肺毛细血管通透性。　结果　A、B组大鼠处死前均存活 ,C组大鼠非处死死亡 9只。犬吸入性损伤早期肺洗出液可引起大鼠肺产生类似于烟雾吸入性损伤样的病理变化。A、B组大鼠灌注后肺组织PGF1α/TXB2 均有升高倾向 ;C组大鼠灌注后PGF1α/TXB2 逐渐降低 (P <0.0 1),A、B组灌注后肺组织TNF α、MPO含量均无明显变化 (P >0.0 5 ),C组灌注后 4h肺组织TNF α、MPO含量显著增加 ,分别为 (1.0 2± 0 .0 4 )ng/ml、(1.0 1± 0.0 9)U/g肺组织湿重 ,随后下降 (P <0.0 5～ 0.0 1)。肺灌注后4hC组大鼠肺组织毛细血管通透性高于A、B组 (P <0.0 1)。结论　犬