Alumina-supported catalysts for propane oxidative dehydrogenation from mixed VXM(6−X)O19 (M=W, Mo) hexametalate precursors

γ-Al₂O₃ supported vanadium oxides were modified by tungsten and molybdenum oxides in order to improve dispersion and selectivity towards olefins in propane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH). Both vanadium–tungsten and vanadium–molybdenum catalysts were obtained by adsorption of mixed isopolyanions (VW₅O₁₉⁵⁻, V₂W₄O₁₉⁴⁻, VMo₅O₁₉⁵⁻ and V₂Mo₄O₁₉⁴⁻) from aqueous solutions. The isopolyanion solutions were characterized by UV-Vis and ⁵¹V NMR spectroscopy. Vanadium, vanadium–tungsten and vanadium–molybdenum precursors and catalysts were also characterized by UV-Vis (diffuse reflectance) and solid state ⁵¹V NMR spectroscopy. An improved selectivity to propene in the presence of tungsten and molybdenum in VO_x/γ-Al₂O₃ was observed and attributed to dilution of vanadium by tungsten or molybdenum oxides on the γ-Al₂O₃ surface.     

丙烷脱氢制丙烯经济及技术分析

丙烯是重要的有机化工原料，除用于生产聚丙烯外，还是生产丙烯腈，丁醇、辛醇、环氧丙烷、异丙醇、丙苯、丙烯酸、羧基醇及壬基酚等产品的主要原料，丙烯的齐聚物是提高汽油辛烷值的主要成分，丙烷催化脱氢制丙烯比烃类蒸气裂解能产生更多的丙烯。当用蒸气裂解生产丙烯时，丙烯收率最多只有33％、而用催化脱氢法生产丙烯，总收率可达74％－86％，用唯一原料生产唯一产品，催化脱氢的设备投资比烃类蒸气裂解低33％。并且采用催化脱氢的方法，能有效地得用液化石油气资源使之转变为有用的烯烃。     

天然气中甲烷和乙烷直接转化制乙烯

天然气中的甲烷和乙烷可以同时在Ｎａ２ＷＯ４－Ｍｎ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂上得到活化生成乙烯。在甲烷转化率为２０％时，原料甲烷氧化偶联反应生成Ｃ２＋的选择性为～８０％，原料乙烷反应的转化率为～８５％，选择性为～７０％。     

碱金属离子对PtSn/Al2O3催化剂丙烷脱氢活性的影响

用吡啶吸附－红外光谱和热重法研究了Li^ 、Na^ 、K^ 碱金属离子对负载型PtSn/Al2O3催化剂在丙烷脱氢中活性的影响。结果表明，碱金属离子对催化剂表面酸性有调变作用，提高了PtSn/Al2O3催化剂脱氢选择性，引入适量的Li^ 和Na^ 可减少催化剂的积碳量，改善催化剂的稳定性，提高丙烷转化率和丙烯收率；而引入K^ 可减少催化剂的积碳量，但丙烷转化率和丙烯收率大幅下降。     

丙烷氧化脱氢反应催化剂体系研究进展

综述了丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯反应催化剂体系及其主要研究结果。     

Cu/ZSM-5催化剂的表征及其环己醇脱氢性能

以制备的ZSM-5分子筛为载体,采用浸渍法制备了一系列Cu负载量不同的Cu/ZSM-5催化剂。采用X射线衍射、氢气程序升温还原、吸附氨气程序升温脱附和BET等方法对Cu/ZSM-5催化剂进行了表征,用H2-N2O滴定法测定了Cu金属的比表面积和分散度。以环己醇气相脱氢制备环己酮为探针反应对Cu/ZSM-5催化剂的催化性能进行了评价。实验结果表明,Cu负载量影响Cu物种在载体表面的状态和分布,Cu是环己醇脱氢反应的活性中心,其比表面积、分散度与Cu/ZSM-5催化剂的活性相关,Cu/ZSM-5催化剂的B酸中心与环己醇脱氢反应的选择性相关。Cu质量分数5%的Cu/ZSM-5催化剂上Cu金属的比表面积较大而B酸中心较少,显示出很高的环己醇转化率(58.7%)和较好的环己酮选择性(97.2%)。     

Ni-Mo-O催化剂中协同作用对丙烷氧化脱氢的影响

在 Ni-Mo-O体系中 ,加入 Mo O3 能极大地提高丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯的反应活性。选用固混法、沉淀法、柠檬酸法制备了 Mo O3 过量 1 5 % (摩尔分数 )的α -Ni Mo O4催化剂 ,其中用沉淀法制得催化剂在 5 0 0℃ ,V( C3 H8) /V ( O2 ) /V ( N2 ) =1 0 /1 0 /5 0 ,反应气流量为 70 m L/min的条件下丙烷转化率可达 38.7% ,丙烯选择性达 70 .1 4 %。经 XRD,XPS,TPR表征说明 ,在含有过量 Mo O3 的催化剂中 ,α -Ni Mo O4与 Mo O3 两种晶体之间可产生微小的相互吸引 ;从而发挥协同作用 ,是提高催化剂活性     

CONSTITUTE AND PROPERTY OFα-Ti AFTER HYDRIDING TREATMENT

研究了氢化处理对退火α-Ti 板材的组织、结构及性能的影响。α-Ti 在室温出现两种结构的氢化物:有序的fctγ相(TiH)和fccδ相(TiH_2)。分析了用X 射线衍射只查觉到δ相的原因。氢化物的数量及形态影响除氢后基体的晶粒组织。控制氢含量可以改善拉伸性能及疲劳性能。     

The effect of support morphology on the reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene at short contact times

The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane is carried out in short contact time reactors over Pt and LaMnO₃ based catalysts supported on a large number of different ceramic substrates (45, 60 and 80 ppi foam monoliths and 200, 400, 600, 900 and 1200 cpsi honeycomb monoliths). Experimental results, obtained under the same conditions at varying the C₂H₆/O₂ ratio, showed that the highest performance in terms of ethylene selectivity and yield is always attained on LaMnO₃ catalysts. Furthermore, the results are significantly influenced by the morphology and cell density of the support, with 45 and 60 ppi foams and 400 and 600 cpsi honeycombs giving the best performance. The experimental results are explained by means of geometrical and fluid dynamic considerations on the support, and by means of a 2D mathematical model, which clearly indicates an optimal intermediate cell density for maximising ethylene selectivity and yield.     

Propane conversion over zeolite catalysts: Comments on the role of Ga

The activation of propane using zeolite H-Y and Ga³⁺ exchanged zeolite Y indicates that in the presence of Ga³⁺ the mechanism of propane activation is changed from a cracking pathway to a dehydrogenation pathway. The presence of both Ga³⁺ and H⁺ are required to achieve this effect.