东海盆地油气勘探焦点问题探讨

东海盆地自西向东可分为 3个带 ,即西部断陷带、中部隆起带和东部断坳带 ,其构造格局各具特色 ,并且均有自身的烃源岩。西部断陷带由多个以古新世为发育高峰期的半地堑组成 ,主要烃源岩为下古新统湖相泥岩 ,该带有利的勘探区是丽水、椒江凹陷 ,围绕下古新统主力烃源岩寻找油气是丽水、椒江凹陷油气勘探的焦点 ;中部隆起带是中生界残留盆地的叠置区 ,主要烃源岩为侏罗系湖相泥岩 ,福州凹陷是该带较有利的勘探区 ,烃源岩的规模、潜力以及圈闭保存条件是福州凹陷油气勘探的焦点 ;东部断坳带是厚度逾万米的新生代沉积断坳区 ,主要烃源岩为始新世煤系地层 ,该带有利的勘探区是西湖凹陷 ,烃源岩和盖层条件是西湖凹陷油气勘探的关键。目前 ,东海盆地比较现实和最具勘探前景的地区是西湖凹陷及丽水、椒江凹陷     

多介质立体取样及在北黄海油气化探中的应用

由于不同环境条件下,不同化探测试指标受到不同的因素干扰,所以不同介质样品的应用条件存在一定的差异。针对不同介质样品特点,分别采集海底沉积物、底部海水和低空大气3种介质样品,并采用在海底沉积物柱状样不同深度部位取样的立体取样方法,通过多指标综合分析,对不同介质和深度样品的多项化探指标互相进行了验证和补充,可以抑制干扰因素的影响,为油气资源远景评价提供依据。运用该方法在北黄海盆地油气勘查中进行初步尝试,并据此划分了三级化探异常区,提出了有利的含油气远景区,均与已知油气区和区域地质分析的结果相符合,取得了很好的效果。      

黄海地质构造与油气资源

针对以往黄海油气勘探在找油思路、勘探深度、勘探领域、勘探部署和勘探技术等方面存在的问题 ,概述了南、北黄海地质构造、盆地演化、油气地质特征及成藏条件 ,并在此基础上 ,提出了对黄海油气资源远景的几点认识     

威海市污水处理深海排放工程的设计

威海市污水处理深海排放工程是为改善其水域环境而建设的一英包括市区排水系统，污水预处理厂，输水管道和海洋放流管系统在内的完整而典型的工程，因此其工程设计扣的经验将会对同类项目的设计与工程建设有所借鉴。     

苏北-南黄海盆地构造演化

苏北及南黄海盆地是由多期、多类盆地叠加的复合残留盆地,地质概况基本相似,成因演化近同,自元古界下扬子板块形成后,主要经历了古-中生代地台、中生代前陆盆地、走滑拉分盆地时期以及新生代断陷、坳陷盆地时期.在古生代-中生代发展过程中是一个整体,晚白垩世盆地演化出现分化,发育伸展盆地群,形成一系列叠置在中、古生代盆地之上的箕状断陷,箕状断陷的发育及分布明显受中-古生界内部先存逆冲断裂的控制.     

Response of Vietnam coastal upwelling to the 1997-1998 ENSO event observed by multisensor data

In this paper, we examine the behavior of the Vietnam coastal upwelling during the 1997-1998 El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. The baseline is 4 years of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sea surface temperature (SST) data taken from 1997 to 2000. Comparison of upwelling images to simultaneous ERS-2 (European Remote Sensing Satellite) wind fields indicates that the summer monsoon winds constitute a major generation forcing. During the 1997 El Niño, the monsoon winds enhanced the upwelling and induced the upwelling center to move southward. During the 1998 La Niña, the monsoon winds weakened the upwelling. In contrast with the tropical Pacific, in the study area, La Niña implies a warm event and El Niño a cold event. We use empirical orthogonal function (EOF) methods to analyze the spatial and temporal variance of the upwelling. The three principal modes account for 37%, 15%, and 8% of the total variance, respectively. The first EOF modes reveal that the SST variance in the north and south subregions underwent a positive-negative sign switch in summer 1997. The second EOF modes represent the monthly evolution in normal years. The third modes seem to be sensitive to the 1998 La Niña event. Simultaneous TOPEX/POSEIDON and ERS-2 altimeter data provide further evidence for our analysis. Comparison with California coastal upwelling and mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) coastal upwelling indicates that the Vietnam coastal upwelling is the most intensive one.     

Sea-air flux of CO2 in the Caribbean Sea estimated using in situ and remote sensing data

Empirical relationships between sea surface carbon dioxide fugacity (fCO₂^sw) and sea surface temperature (SST) were applied to datasets of remotely sensed SST to create fCO₂^sw fields in the Caribbean Sea. SST datasets from different sensors were used, as well as the SST fields created by optimum interpolation of bias corrected AVHRR data. Empirical relationships were derived using shipboard fCO₂^sw data, in situ SST data, and SST data from the remote sensing platforms. The results show that the application of a relationship based on shipboard SST data, on fields of remotely sensed SST yields biased fCO₂^sw values. This bias is reduced if the fCO₂^sw-SST relationships are derived using the same SST data that are used to create the SST fields. The fCO₂^sw fields found to best reproduce observed fCO₂^sw are used in combination with wind speed data from QuikSCAT to create weekly maps of the sea-air CO₂ flux in the Caribbean Sea in 2002. The region to the SW of Cuba was a source of CO₂ to the atmosphere throughout 2002, and the region to the NE was a sink during winter and spring and a source during summer and fall. The net uptake of CO₂ in the region was doubled when potential skin layer effects on fCO₂^sw were taken into account.     

关于海面无线传播模型的探讨

现有文献中一般都认为海面环境的无线传播模型近似于自由空间传播模型，但在实际测试中发现，自由空间模型预测值与实测值差别较大，不能很好地解释此类环境的信号传播。笔者根据多次海面覆盖测试的数据，分析并拟合出了新的海面传播模型。     

Bench-Scale Testing of Nanofiltration for Seawater Desalination

A dual-staged nanofiltration process is being evaluated as an alternative to reverse osmosis for seawater desalination. The primary goal of this system is to reduce energy consumption while producing potable water at an acceptable recovery rate. Investigation of this system at the bench-scale level focused on membrane surface characterization, ion rejection (including boron, bromide, and iodide rejection), and flux decline. Results from this study showed that two commercially available nanofiltration membranes can effectively desalinate seawater. Although fouling was apparent—and resulted in approximately 20% flux decline over 3 days—a critical flux was not identifiable. Operation of the system at different cross-flow velocities revealed the significance of hydrodynamic conditions on the polarization modulus, and hence on membrane performance.     

引渤济锡海水输送工程

引渤济锡海水输送工程是内蒙古锡林郭勒盟恢复草原生态和实施以发展电力和煤化工为主体的褐煤开发战略的基础工程。该工程是从渤海引海水，通过辽宁省的葫芦岛市、朝阳市和内蒙古的赤峰市到锡林浩特，本阶段设计年输海水3．65亿甜。该工程将与锡林格勒盟地区待建的煤化工、海洋化工、生态工程形成新型的循环经济发展产业链。长距离输送海水是一个世界性的新课题。现研究了长距离海水输送的特点，提出了应对海水强腐蚀、海生物附着所引起的污损问题和输送过程中防泄漏和渗漏问题的工程措施，采用一条夹砂玻璃钢管管线结合隧洞和一座在线调节水库的输送海水方案，包括：设9座泵站，设计总扬程1147m海水水头，线路全长607km左右，其中玻璃钢管全长290km，直径3．2km，隧洞全长317km，输海水总成本为4．1元／m左右。引渤济锡海水输送工程的建立，标志着我国海水综合利用进入一个新的历史阶段，工程本身具有下述特点：输送海水流量、距离、扬程综合指标，世界第一；内径3．2m夹砂玻璃钢管是国内目前采用的最大管径的玻璃钢管。此外，引渤济锡海水输送工程的建设不仅能够促进锡林郭勒盟地区经济的持续发展，而且具有下述重大战略意义：一是通过“盐田置换”方式促进环渤海经济区建设；二是为发展制盐工业提供了新的发展模式；三是为我国开发内蒙古、新疆维吾尔自治区巨大的煤炭资源、恢复生态系统提供了一条新的思路。