Extension of a combined analytical/numerical initial value problem solver for turbulent mixing with combustion

Here, we describe the development of a reacting flow multi-species/combustion methodology, implemented as an extension to the differential reduced ejector analysis (DREA) computer program [Mathematical and computer modeling, vol. 31, 2000, p. 21; Appl. Math. Model. 25 (2001) 427; Comput. Math. Appl. 43(10–11); NASA Contractor Report, 1998]. Use of the single fluid IVP solver framework that was developed for the original DREA model has been directly coupled into the combustion formulation. With these modifications, the analysis has an elementary single step reaction Fuel+Oxidizer→Product combustion capability. Though approximate in nature, the simplicity and efficiency of the DREA formulation make it suitable for its original niche, namely design and preliminary design environments where more complex and expensive models may be inappropriate.     

喷射式气,液反应器在空气—水系统中的传质特性

在对喷射式气、液反应器中复杂的流动行为进行简化和假定的基础上,导得了传质模型,并以空气-水系统进行实验研究。用光电毛细管法测定喷射管内气泡平均直径 d_(32)和比表面积 a,用氮气解吸水中溶解氧的方法获得体积传质系数 k_La,以确定传质模型中的有关参数。实验获得如下结果:α=9.18×10~2β~(0.74)e~(0.372),k_Lα=0.7206β~(0.88)e~(0.492)。其结果与理论分析较接近,可作为喷射式气、液反应器设计参数。     

太阳能喷射式制冷置换通风系统探讨

介绍置换通风的原理和特性。在满足热舒适性的条件下，探讨置换通风在工程应用时送风参数的选择范围。针对目前能源危机和生态环境恶化的状况，提出太阳能喷射式制冷置换通风系统，并对该系统中各主要装置的特性及系统的经济性作简要分析。     

Transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle with ejector-expansion device

An ejector expansion transcritical CO₂ refrigeration cycle is proposed to improve the COP of the basic transcritical CO₂ cycle by reducing the expansion process losses. A constant pressure mixing model for the ejector was established to perform the thermodynamic analysis of the ejector expansion transcritical CO₂ cycle. The effect of the entrainment ratio and the pressure drop in the receiving section of the ejector on the relative performance of the ejector expansion transcritical CO₂ cycle was investigated for typical air conditioning operation conditions. The effect of different operating conditions on the relative performance of the ejector expansion transcritical CO₂ cycle was also investigated using assumed values for the entrainment ratio and pressure drop in the receiving section of the ejector. It was found that the COP of the ejector expansion transcritical CO₂ cycle can be improved by more than 16% over the basic transcritical CO₂ cycle for typical air conditioning operation conditions.     

喷射/压缩复合制冷研究进展

喷射制冷具有利用低品位能源获取制冷效果的优点,但性能系数较低;机械压缩制冷具有性能系数高的优点,但消耗的是高品位电能。喷射/压缩复合制冷正是利用上述2种循环各自优点来提高能源综合利用效率,从其系统特点来看,主要可分为3种系统形式。本文从喷射/压缩复合制冷循环、制冷工质应用、喷射/压缩复合制冷循环的应用领域等方面介绍该技术研究及现状分析,并对其发展提出展望。     

Empirical correlation for ejector designCorrélation empirique pour la conception des éjecteurs

In the present study, two empirical correlations from the test results of 15 ejectors are derived for the performance prediction of ejectors using R141b as the working fluid. The ratio of the hypothetical throat area of the entrained flow to the nozzle throat area A_e/A_t, the geometric design parameter of the ejector A₃/A_t, and the pressure ratios P_g/P_e and P_c*/P_e are used to correlate the performance of the ejector. The prediction of the entrainment ratio ω using the correlations is within ±10% error. A method of calculation for the ejector design using the correlations is also developed. R141b is shown in the present study to be a good working fluid for an ejector. The measured ω for the ejectors used in the present study can reach as high as 0.54 at P_g=0.465 MPa (84°C), P_c^*=0.087 MPa (28°C) and P_e=0.040 MPa (8°C). For P_g=0.538 MPa (90°C), P_c^*=0.101 MPa (32°C) and P_e=0.040 MPa (8°C), ω reaches 0.45.

Résumé

Dans cette étude, on a établi deux corrélations empiriques à partir des résultats expérimentaux obtenus utilisant 15 éjecteurs; ces corrélations ont été utilisées ensuite pour prédire la performance d'éjecteurs utilisant le R141b comme fluide frigorigène. Les rapports A_e/A_t (section de passage du fluide entraîné rapporté à la section théorique du col de l'éjecteur), et A₃/A_t (section de sortie de l'éjecteur rapporté à la section théorique du col de l'éjecteur) et les relations entre pressions P_g/P_e et P_c*/P_e sont utilisés pour trouver la corrélation de la performance de l'éjecteur. La prévision du taux d'entraînement à partir des corrélations est précise à la hauteur de ±10%. Les auteurs ont également développé une méthode de calcul permettant de concevoir des éjecteurs à partir des corrélations. On a montré dans cette étude que le R141b s'avère être un fluide actif efficace pour cette utilisation. Le ω mesuré des éjecteurs utilisés dans cette étude peuvent atteindre 0.54 à P_g=0.465 MPa (84°C), P_c^*=0.087 MPa (28°C) et P_e=0.040 MPa (8°C). Pour P_g=0.538 MPa (90°C), P_c^*=0.101 MPa (32°C) et P_e=0.040 MPa (8°C), ω atteint 0.45.     

可调式气体喷射器调节性能计算分析

提出在喷射器喷嘴内插入喷针来调节喷射器工作参数的方案,建立了可调式喷射器性能计算模型,计算分析了喷嘴截面积变化对喷射系数、气体压力、气体流量等参数的影响。结果表明,通过对喷射器喉口面积的调节,可拓宽喷射器的有效工作范围,减小喷射器入口参数对出口参数的影响。     

引射器在高炉煤气富化中的应用

利用引射器将低压焦炉煤气引入高炉热风炉中以提高风温，达到了降低焦比、提高生铁产量之目的。     

Effect of ejector configuration on hydrodynamic characteristics of gas-liquid ejectors

Ejectors are gas-liquid contactors that are reported to provide higher mass transfer rates than conventional contactors. Detailed experiments were performed and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling studies were undertaken to understand the hydrodynamic characteristics of the ejector geometry. The CFD model provides a basis for quantifying the effects of operating conditions on the ejector performance. CFD studies shows that there is an optimum ratio of nozzle area to throat area (area ratio), at which the liquid entrainment rate is the highest. This can lead to substantial economic benefit in the industrial practice. The liquid entrainment rate correlates with pressure difference between the water surface in the suction chamber and the throat exit for a wide variety of ejector geometries and operating conditions.