A fuzzy reasoning and fuzzy-analytical hierarchy process based approach to the process of railway risk information: A railway risk management system

Risk management is becoming increasingly important for railway companies in order to safeguard their passengers and employees while improving safety and reducing maintenance costs. However, in many circumstances, the application of probabilistic risk analysis tools may not give satisfactory results because the risk data are incomplete or there is a high level of uncertainty involved in the risk data. This article presents the development of a risk management system for railway risk analysis using fuzzy reasoning approach and fuzzy analytical hierarchy decision making process. In the system, fuzzy reasoning approach (FRA) is employed to estimate the risk level of each hazardous event in terms of failure frequency, consequence severity and consequence probability. This allows imprecision or approximate information in the risk analysis process. Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (fuzzy-AHP) technique is then incorporated into the risk model to use its advantage in determining the relative importance of the risk contributions so that the risk assessment can be progressed from hazardous event level to hazard group level and finally to railway system level. This risk assessment system can evaluate both qualitative and quantitative risk data and information associated with a railway system effectively and efficiently, which will provide railway risk analysts, managers and engineers with a method and tool to improve their safety management of railway systems and set safety standards. A case study on risk assessment of shunting at Hammersmith depot is used to illustrate the application of the proposed risk assessment system.     

Direct-EI in LC-MS: towards a universal detector for small-molecule applications

This review article will give an up-to-date and exhaustive overview on the efficient use of electron ionization (EI) to couple liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with an innovative interface called Direct-EI. EI is based on the gas-phase ionization of the analytes, and it is suitable for many applications in a wide range of LC-amenable compounds. In addition, thanks to its operating principles, it prevents unwelcome matrix effects (ME). In fact, although atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methodologies have boosted the use of LC-MS, the related analytical methods are sometime affected by inaccurate quantitative results, due to unavoidable and unpredictable ME. In addition, API's soft ionization spectra always demand for costly and complex tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) instruments, which are essential to acquire an "information-rich" spectrum and to obtain accurate quantitative information. In EI a one-stage analyzer is sufficient for a qualitative investigation and MS/MS detection is only used to improve sensitivity and to cut chemical noise. The technology illustrated here provides a robust and straightforward access to classical, well-characterized EI data for a variety of LC applications, and readily interpretable spectra for a wide range of areas of research. The Direct-EI interface can represent the basis for a forthcoming universal LC-MS detector for small molecules.     

The rapid selecting of precursor ions and product ions of thirty-four kinds of pesticide for content determination by GC–EI/MS/MS

Pesticide residues caused great threat to human body health, and all countries protected the health of human body by specifying its upper limit. However, pesticide residues were generally very low, similar to trace analysis and as low as millionth or less, the content determination of pesticide residues was a troublesome problem. With the application and promotion of tandem mass spectrometry, it was able to do trace analysis. GC–EI/MS/MS was a common method for the determination of pesticide residues. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was the most common quantitative method used in GC–EI/MS/MS. It has the characteristics of high sensitivity, good reproducibility, high accuracy, strong anti-interference and high ion flux. Multiple-twin precursor ions, product ions and collision energy of thirty-four pesticides were provided for MRM. It could play an important role in developing MRM method for the quantifying of 34 kinds of pesticide. Meanwhile, the development of MRM method for the quantifying of other compounds could also refer to this paper.     

符合欧洲EMC标准的电动机调速方案

论述了电动机调速产生的谐波电流以及谐波对供电系统的危害 ,而新的国际和国家EMC标准对谐波电流分量提出了越来越高的要求 ,传统调速方法产生的谐波电流明显达不到新的EMC标准 ,经过分析提出了解决问题的方案 ,通过仿真波形 ,证明了新方法的优越性。     

The role of trait emotional intelligence in gamers’ preferences for play and frequency of gaming

This paper examines the role of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) in gamers’ preferences for play and frequency of gaming in a sample of 1051 young adult US/European gamers, who play frequently the online massively multiplayer game, World of Warcraft (WoW). Trait EI was shown to predict social and achievement preferences for play as well as frequency of gaming. In particular, trait EI was positively correlated to a preference for social practices per se and negatively correlated to a preference for achievement-oriented, instrumental practices. These findings advocate that gamers’ preferences for play are in accordance with their emotion-related personality characteristics. Trait EI was also negatively associated with frequency of gaming suggesting that lower scorers on trait EI are more likely associated with more frequent game use.     

EI NIO PHENOMENON AND EXTENDED ASSOCIATE PATTERN ANALYSIS

1 .　INTRODUCTIONIntroductionEINi noPhenomenon ,thelargestinterannualclimatesignal ,isthefirstclimatephe nomenonshowntodependessentiallyuponcoupledair seainteractionsinthePacificregions .In pastdecadesmanyeffortshavebeenmadeinunder standingandpredictingENSO :suchasthehypoth esisofBjerknes[1] thatENSOarisesasaself sus tainedcycleinwhichSSTAinthePacificcausethetradewindstostrengthenorslackenandthatthisinturndrivestheoceancirculationchangesthatproduceSSTA ;Wyrtki’srelaxationtheory[…     

2005年度EI收录中文石油期刊论文统计分析

对2005年度发表的中文石油科技期刊论文被EI收录的情况进行了检索、统计与分析。共有13种中文石油期刊发表的2514篇论文被EI Compendex Web收录，其中《天然气工业》、《钻采工艺》、《油气井测试》和《石油学报（石油加工）》4种期刊上发表的1064篇论文被EI核心收录。EI收录论文总数和核心收录论文篇数均创历年新高，表明我国石油科技论文的水平进一步提高。但是，与高达77种之多的庞大的中文石油科技期刊群和每年数以万计的中文石油科技论文产出量相比，EI所收录的中文石油科技期刊种数和论文篇数仍处于较低水平。     

电子电离源中的氢化分子离子

EI源出现M 2H峰是很罕见的现象。在研究五种醌亚胺染料时,发现它们的M 2H峰显著大于M峰,其强度比值(M 2H/M)随蒸发温度升高而增加。接照FD的数据和D_2O、D_2的实验结果,认为上述现象是属于热氢转移,它与能承受大热应力的醌亚胺染料分子有关,而与周围的条件无关。     

SCL-1型液晶的质谱法剖析

液晶自上个世纪70年代以来,由于其独特的性能,引起了化学工作者的极大兴趣和普遍关注,到1987年就合成出了900万扭曲型液晶。现代液晶的应用一般都是由几种到20几种不同液晶的混合物,这样方能满足液晶材料的物理化学性能。液晶的质谱研究及相关资料报道甚少1-5,对其混合物的研究剖析更少6-7。本文报道了用GC/MS(EI)、GC/MS(CI)、GC/FTIR多种技术对宽温型(SCL)液晶进行了全面分析研究,并对其质谱裂解机理作了一定研究。这对我国今后液晶产业化进程具有一定的促进作用。     

企业信息化的理论、技术、方法与实践

探索了企业信息化的实质与内涵，分析了企业信息化建设的作用与意义，提出了企业信息化七个方面的主要内容，总结了企业信息化建设的经验教训，探索了企业信息化建设的规划与实施方案。