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1.
Models that link ecological responses to hydrologic changes are important for assessing the effects of flow regulation on aquatic and riparian ecosystems. Based on the Recruitment Box Model, a graphical model used to prescribe environmental flows for cottonwood (Populus spp.) recruitment, we designed a simulation model to represent the influence of river flow dynamics on seedling recruitment of riparian pioneer woody plants. The model simulates the influence of temporal patterns of river stage on dispersal, germination, initial recruitment and over‐winter survival of first‐year seedlings of riparian pioneer shrubs and trees. We used the model to simulate seedling recruitment patterns for five species (Acer saccharinum, Betula nigra, Populus deltoides, Salix nigra and Salix exigua) on the Wisconsin River (Wisconsin, USA) under three flow scenarios: historic (1935–2002), simulated natural (1915–1975) and simulated regulated flows (1915–1975). Simulation results agreed well with field‐observed relative differences among years (1997–2000) in seedling densities for the five focal species. Simulated successful recruitment years were highly synchronous among species, but species differed in their sensitivity to flows at different times during the growing season, consistent with among‐species differences in seed dispersal timing. Comparison of simulated natural and regulated flows for 1915–1975 showed that flow regulation decreased monthly flow variability, increased late summer to winter baseflow and reduced the magnitude of spring peaks. Simulated recruitment and over‐winter survival of tree seedlings of all species was enhanced under the regulated flow scenario, likely due to increased summer baseflow and reductions in peak flood magnitude. Our analyses show the utility of extending the Recruitment Box Model to include multiple species of riparian shrubs and trees, and the effects of post‐colonization flows on their recruitment success. However, some key functional relationships between flow patterns and woody seedling demography (e.g. shear stress thresholds for seedling mortality) have not been adequately quantified and merit further study. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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结合山西焦化公司内部网建设实践,分析了建设企业内部网的技术选择,阐述了以太网技术在大中型化工企业网络建设中的具体应用。指出建立信息网络将缩小企业与国外企业之间的营销能力差异,增强我国企业的竞争力。 相似文献
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随着现代军用通信网络的发展与进步,第三代高频自动链路建立协议(Third-generation HF Automatic Link Establishment)将逐渐取代现有的第二代协议。首先从CSMA机制、Dwell—Groups技术、Multi—Slot技术等方面概略地介绍了3G-ALE技术。然后在同步工作模式下,将Dwell—Groups技术、Multi—Slot技术应用在协议当中进行了对比仿真,并分析了Dwell—Groups技术、Multi—Slot技术对3G-ALE系统性能的影响。 相似文献
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Published:// 《中国标准化(英文版)》2007,24(6):10-13
There are no explicit laws concerning food recalls in China; moreover, some related regulations have weaknesses. China should first create a system of laws and regulations governing food recalls, establish a system to recall defective food, and strengthen administrative and legal remedial mechanisms related to consumer rights. 相似文献
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TTI hydraulics and erosion control laboratory research field performance of erosion-control blankets
Storm water management issues facing the Texas Department of Transportation in the late 1980s led to the development of a coordinated research program with the Texas Transportation Institute. Researchers developed methodologies for evaluating the field performance of various erosion control technologies of the most widely used products within the Department's construction and maintenance operations. From these methodologies, the Hydraulics and Erosion Control Laboratory was designed and constructed. Currently, participants include private industry (manufacturers of erosion control products), transportation researchers (TTI), and the public sector (TxDOT).The results reported in this paper reflect 2 years of erosion-control blanket research. The study objectives were to determine the effectiveness of erosion-control blankets on the growth of warm-season perennial grasses and their ability to prevent sediment loss in a sloped condition.The laboratory simulates the highway environment with the sloped plots (6 m in width) located on an earthen embankment that is 300 m in length and 6.75 m in height (94 ft. by 22 ft., vertically). A randomized experimental design was replicated on two soil types (sand and clay) for each slope condition (3:1 or 2:1) with a control.In general, the results indicate better combined results relating to sediment retention and vegetation establishment performance for erosion-control blankets on sandy soils (noncohesive) regardless of slope condition (3:1 or 2:1) or material type. A minimum of 50% more sediment was retained on the sandy treatment plots and a 45% more vegetation coverage was achieved compared with the control plots. When analyzed by material type related to performance, excelsior, synthetic blends, and straw/coconut blends performed the best. For clay soils (cohesive), regardless of slope condition (3:1 or 2:1), the combined results indicate a minimum of 75% more sediment was retained and a minimum of 5% more vegetation establishment was achieved compared with the control plots. When analyzed by material type related to performance, excelsior, straw, and straw/coconut blends performed the best. 相似文献
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创建学习型组织促进企业持续发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
指出21世纪是一个新知识经济的时代,企业在市场中的竞争力,是企业政治力、经济力、文化力3个力的综合反映.其中,文化力是核心竞争力,而其关键要素已不是单纯的成本与效率,而是指创新能力.企业的创新,是一个整体性的活动,这就提出了要创建一个学习型的组织,来达到创新的目的.本文概述了创建学习型组织的重要意义,探讨了学习型企业的创建途径,旨在起到抛砖引玉的作用. 相似文献
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