热电规划中电厂的污染及防治对策

随着沈阳市推行的集中供热和低矮面源的改造和小型锅炉的拆迁,烟尘和二氧化硫的主要污染已经转到了各电厂和大型热源厂的集中排放。而且排放量还逐渐增大。污染物的排放已远远超出区域环境容量,尤其是电厂的二氧化硫已经成为治理大气污染的瓶颈。根据沈阳市热电发展规划和热源污染控制规划,对沈阳城区电厂的排污现状及污染趋势进行了分析,提出了污染控制和二氧化硫治理对策。     

氮气中二氧化硫气体浓度测量不确定度的评定

采用紫外荧光法测定氮气中的二氧化硫气体浓度的测量不确定度.充分考虑重复测量的重现性、测量仪器的计量性能局限性、标定仪器所用的标准气体等因素对测量的影响,计算氮气中的二氧化硫气体浓度测量合成标准不确定度为0.4.     

可再生胺类脱硫剂的选择研究

采用哌嗪等二元胺和二乙醇胺为吸收剂,对模拟烟气进行SO2的吸收解吸实验研究,筛选出性能优异的吸收剂,并考察添加剂H2 S O 4对其性能的影响。实验表明:可再生胺类吸收剂脱硫率可接近100%,二元胺吸收剂较醇胺的SO 2吸收量大、pH值随时间变化慢、首次解吸率高;羟乙基支链对胺类吸收剂的抗氧化能力、SO2吸收量和首次解吸率均有影响,环状二元胺比链状二元胺的抗氧化能力好、首次解吸率高;在N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪溶液中添加硫酸构成N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪/H 2S O 4脱硫体系后,脱硫率未受影响、SO2吸收量变小、首次解吸率显著提高,具有更好的循环使用性能。     

Lay concepts on CCS deployment in Switzerland based on qualitative interviews

Laypeople's acceptance and perception of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) can have an influence on its political feasibility. It is important, therefore, to study how laypeople perceive CCS and which cognitions they hold with respect to this technique. We conducted in-depth interviews with laypeople (N = 16) to explore their mental concepts of CCS. Little knowledge about CCS was detected among laypeople. We also found that laypeople fear that a deployment of CCS could create incentives that would hinder a sustainable development of the energy economy. A misunderstanding of the concepts of hydro- and geostatic pressure, as well as a lack of knowledge about the physical–chemical properties of carbon dioxide seemed to trigger fundamental rejection of CCS among some laypeople. This qualitative study identifies concepts that underlie CCS perception, and these should be objects of future studies. We provide some suggestions for risk management and communication about CCS.     

Estimates of health benefits due to reductions in ambient NO2 levels

A method is presented here by which the actual numbers of individuals in the U.S. population who would be expected to suffer respiratory illness as a result of exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) concentrations in excess of the Federally-designated ambient air quality standard can be estimated. At the same time we have attempted to quantify how these adverse health effects would be alleviated by various degrees of reductions in current ambient concentrations. In addition, the health benefit expected to be derived by various NO_x emission control strategies will be examined utilizing the health benefit estimation method presented.It is estimated that there were approximately 33.2×10⁶ excess cases of respiratory illnesses in the U.S. in 1973 associated with ambient NO₂ concentrations in excess of the national ambient standard. A reduction of approximately 50 to 60 percent below 1973 NO₂ levels is needed to essentially eliminate excess respiratory illness associated with ambient NO₂ concentration.     

二氧化碳水合物生成过程的强化方法研究进展

二氧化碳水合物是一种潜在的新能源,随着环境问题的日益突出,国内外科学家愈加重视二氧化碳水合物的研究,本文主要对二氧化碳水合物的强化方法进行了总结,对比了几种方法对水合物生成的影响。     

Did the Clean Air Act cause the remarkable decline in sulfur dioxide concentrations?

Over the last three decades, ambient concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) air pollution have declined by approximately 80%. This paper tests whether the 1970 Clean Air Act and its subsequent amendments caused this decline. The centerpiece of this legislation is the annual assignment of all counties to SO₂ nonattainment or attainment categories. Polluters face stricter regulations in nonattainment counties. There are two primary findings. First, regulators pay little attention to the statutory selection rule in their assignment of the SO₂ nonattainment designations. Second, SO₂ nonattainment status is associated with modest reductions in SO₂ air pollution, but a null hypothesis of zero effect generally cannot be rejected. This finding holds whether the estimated effect is obtained with linear adjustment or propensity score matching. Overall, the evidence suggests that the nonattainment designation played a minor role in the dramatic reduction of SO₂ concentrations over the last 30 years.     

二氧化碳捕集技术的最新研究进展

较全面地剖析和解读了目前二氧化碳(CO2)捕集技术现状,通过燃烧后、燃烧前、氧燃烧等各种二氧化碳捕集技术的对比,提出各种捕集方法的适用范围和优、缺点,同时介绍了二氧化碳捕集技术的最新进展和发展方向。     

合成氨副产CO2气的回收与利用

CO2是《京都议定书》要求减排的6种温室气体之一,《京都议定书》还确立了有助于发展中国家获得资金和先进技术的清洁发展机制（CDM）。本文结合实际工程案例,介绍了合成氨副产CO2气的回收和利用方法,为我国氮肥行业申请CDM项目资助,回收利用CO2,减少CO2排放提供技术参考。     

用二氧化氯降解废水中的苯胺类化合物（2）──降解机理的探讨

本文在上文（１）的基础上，进一步研究了经二氧化氯处理前后ＢＯＤ＿５／ＣＯＤ的变化规律，其比值大于或接近０．３．其降解产物有醌及醌的氧化产物和ＮＨＩ．对苯胺及二氧化氯来说其．反应级数为１，整个反应为二级反应．