供应链管理模式下的企业外包设计研究

供应链管理是近年来在国内外逐渐受到重视的一种新的管理理念与模式,其管理思想是使企业将主要精力放在核心业务上,充分发挥优势,企业中的非核心业务外包给合作企业来完成。因此,企业外包设计成为供应链管理思想的一个重要方面。基于这一背景,首先探讨了企业外包的含义及其构成元素;并根据威廉姆森的新制度经济学中经济业务交易的规制结构对企业外包的规制层次进行划分;最后,构建了在供应链管理模式下基于交易成本和核心竞争力相结合的企业外包设计模型。     

我国西部发展软件业的战略思考

通过介绍美国犹他州和印度发展软件业的经验，分析了我国西部已经完全具备发展软件产业、成为国际软件外包服务市场的内部条件。IT和网络通信技术的成熟以及经济全球化发展与成本竞争压力，迫使欧、美、日等国企业改变业务流程和进行战略性资源重组，此举不仅促进了国际软件业外包趋势，也给我国西部带来了国际软件外包的巨大机遇。在内部条件和外部机遇都具备的情况下，重点提出了我国西部发展软件业的一些战略性建议。     

农业企业外包决策影响因素分析及政策启示——以中国农业上市公司为例

外包有利于企业整合生产要素,增强核心力量,实现价值链增值。基于45家农业上市公司2016—2020年的数据,测度了 农业企业外包水平,并实证分析影响其外包决策的因素。结果表明：农业企业的外包水平在样本期整体呈下降趋势,且农业 细分行业的外包程度存在差异,畜牧业类企业的外包水平明显高于林业和渔业类企业。整体上看,外包具有政策延续性,本期 外包程度受到上一期外包水平的影响;市场规模越大,业务外包比例也更高;而交易费用显著抑制了农业企业外包决策。据 此,提出要选择适当的分工组织形式、建立信息流畅的交易平台和营造公平诚信的外包环境等政策建议,为农业企业业务外包 营造良好商业氛围,充分发挥农业外包在带动农业、农村经济发展中的作用。     

信息共享程度对物流外包激励契约的影响

本文分析了由供应商、制造商和第三方物流企业(3PLs)组成的物流外包系统,考虑了供应商和制造商信息共享程度的影响,建立了协同工作环境下的激励契约模型.结果表明,委托人偏好低努力水平时,信息共享对激励契约没有影响;委托人偏好高努力水平时,信息共享能更好的激励代理人选择委托人希望的行动.信息不共享时,3PLs只有提高对供应商努力水平的积极性;信息共享时,3PLs收入波动性增大,提高对供应商和对制造商的努力水平都能使其获得帕累托改进.本研究为物流成本在供应链成员中的分摊提供了理论依据,并提出了模型改进和研究建议.     

业务外包风险分析与控制

结合现代企业理论中的交易费用理论和“委托-代理”理论,对业务外包风险进行了深入的剖析,详细分析了外包决策和执行两个阶段的风险,并提出了相应的风险控制策略。     

承接国际服务外包、技术溢出与本土企业创新能力提升

近几年服务外包产业发展迅速,并产生广泛的经济效应。本文基于江苏省三个服务外包基地城市为样本的微观企业调查数据,实证研究了软件行业承接国际服务外包获得的技术溢出对创新能力提升的作用。研究结果表明,承接国际软件外包获得了技术溢出,企业创新能力得到提升。在技术外溢的多种可能途径中,人力资本作用最为突出,发包方技术转移较为显著,政府服务通过影响企业人力资本水平等途径间接影响服务外包的技术外溢,提升了本土企业创新能力。     

Domestic help and the gender division of domestic labor during the COVID-19 pandemic: Gender inequality among Japanese parents

The enduring COVID-19 pandemic has gradually transformed our everyday lives. This study focuses on changes in work and family arrangements, with particular focus on changes in domestic help, and examines its impact on the division of domestic labor. Using a social survey of work and the family conducted in November 2020 and May 2021, the results show that from January 2020 (pre-pandemic) to May 2021, approximately 40% of respondents experienced a reduced gender gap for housework and childcare, while a large gender gap is still observed in the absolute frequency of undertaking domestic labor. Some lifestyle changes triggered by the pandemic, such as an increase in the use of takeaways or delivery meals, and the expansion of working from home, are found to be able to contribute a shift toward more equal sharing of domestic labor. However, the fact that the access to such lifestyle changes is more common among those with a relatively high income or high educational background suggests that the lifestyle changes imposed by the pandemic may exacerbate class disparities in the gender gap in domestic labor. Furthermore, the results show that decreased kinship support results in a greater childcare burden being placed on women.     

What makes hybrid insourcing successful: A new public–private partnership model for social welfare services

Outsourcing has been a key policy tool for delivering a range of social services, and regarded as more effective than insourcing or direct government provision. At the same time, it has also caused many delivery issues such as principal‐agent problems, a lack of policy coordination, and poor‐quality welfare services. While the pendulum continues to swing between insourcing and outsourcing, we aim to propose a new public–private partnership model called the “hybrid insourcing model” and examine which factors influence the performance of the model. In South Korea, around 2010, the local government in Namyangju City was the first to implement the “Hope Care Center model,” a kind of hybrid insourcing model, which has been praised for its innovation and widely emulated by central and local governments. Our analysis utilizes data collected between December 2017 and January 2018 from public sector employees and civilian staff in Namyangju and a comparable city, A. From this, we draw a number of implications, both for theory and for policy. We argue that, for public–private partnerships, active cooperation and equality are the biggest factors in contributing to positive performance. These work alongside leaders with a clear vision and with employees' positive attitude.     

多层供应链外包模式的选择及其协调

本文研究由两个原始设备制造企业（品牌企业）、一个代工企业和一个供应商组成的多层供应链的外包模式选择问题。应用主从博弈和纳什博弈理论，当一个原始设备制造企业的外包模式给定后，通过对不同外包模型求解比较，给出了后跟进的原始设备制造企业外包模式的最优选择策略。研究发现：后跟进的原始设备制造企业最优策略应采取与前一个原始设备制造企业相同的外包策略。针对最优外包策略，还设计了使供应链达到协调的二部定价契约机制，提高了外包供应链的竞争力。     

Managing dependency in China outsourcing relationships

Abstract

This paper examines manufacturing firms’ use of guanxi and formal control to address dependence on suppliers and achieve desired outsourcing performance in China. Using survey data collected from manufacturing firms operating in China, a structural equation model is used to test the research model. The results suggest that manufacturing firms with high dependence on suppliers build Chinese guanxi with those suppliers to overcome the dependence and enhance outsourcing performance. In addition, Chinese guanxi also appears to facilitate the use of formal control, which was also found to have a positive relationship with outsourcing performance. This paper contributes to the literature by illustrating the importance of guanxi in achieving desired outsourcing performance in the China context, particularly in the case where a manufacturer perceives high dependency on its major supplier.