固定化微生物脱除工业酸性废气中H_2S的研究

以H 2软性填料作为氧化亚铁硫杆菌的固定化载体 ,构成了固定床生物反应器。在一定操作条件下 ,考察了固定床生物反应器对Fe2 +的氧化速率 ,最大可达 7.6 7g/ (L·h)。并对固定床生物反应器运行中在载体表面形成的络合物进行了研究 ,X射线衍射证明此络合物为黄钾铁矾 [KFe3(SO4 ) 2 (OH) 6]。     

Biodesulphurization of Hungarian lignite and sub-bituminous coal

The annual SO₂ emission is approx. 0.6 million tons in Hungary because of the high amount of sulphur in the power plant coals. Since Hungary has signed the European Environmental Agreement, the high sulphur emission has to be gradually reduced. To overcome the acid rain problem, the biodesulphurization of Hungarian power plant coals has also been started in Hungary. The R&D programe of biodesulphurization has been launched in 1990. According to our findings the biodesulphurization process is a suitable tool for reducing the pyritic sulphur content in lignite and sub-bituminous coal.     

Bioleaching of refractory gold ore （ Ⅱ ）——Mechanism on bioleaching of arsenopyrite by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＢｉｏｌｅａｃｈｉｎｇｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙｔｏｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｂａｓｅｍｅｔａｌｓ (ｍａｉｎｌｙｃｏｐｐｅｒ)ａｎｄｕｒａｎｉｕｍｆｒｏｍｌｏｗ ｇｒａｄｅｏｒｅｓａｎｄｍｏｒｅｒｅｃｅｎ     

Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+对氧化亚铁硫杆菌氧化 活性影响

为研究金属离子对氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,At.f）氧化活性的影响,通过测定经初步驯化的At.f菌在不同初始pH下的生长活性,开展不同浓度梯度的Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+及三种金属离子共存时对At.f菌的氧化活性影响的试验。结果表明,当初始pH为1.8时,At.f菌生长活性最好,且低浓度的Ni2+、Zn2+对At.f菌氧化活性影响较小,对两种金属离子的耐受浓度均在20 g/L以上;而该细菌对Cu2+比较敏感,当Cu2+浓度为2.5 g/L时,菌株的生长活性明显下降,特别是10 g/L时,对At.f菌的氧化能力有显著的抑制作用。三种金属离子同时存在时对At.f菌氧化活性的影响大于单一金属离子,当三种金属离子的浓度均为2.5 g/L时,在48小时内对At.f菌的氧化能力有显著的抑制作用,当三种金属离子的浓度均为5 g/L时,80小时时菌株对Fe2+的氧化率极低,说明At.f菌需要经过多种金属离子共存驯化培养后才能更好地运用于多金属复杂矿物的处理。     

固定化氧化亚铁硫杆菌处理硫化氢新工艺研究

用单一的生物反应器处理硫化氢时,微生物容易受到硫化氢的毒害作用而使细胞活力受损,废气处理效率迅速降低。为此,提出生物和化学二级反应器处理硫化氢的新工艺,并对微生物的生长、分布、最适工艺运行条件和影响因素等做了研究。结果表明,生物反应器中微生物对亚铁离子的氧化速率对硫化氢的去除效果有着重要的影响,二级反应器工艺大大提高了硫化氢去除效率,反应的主要产物为单质硫,同时便于对硫沉淀的分离,在操作温度31℃,pH值1.5—1.8,水力停留时间2.5 h,进气质量浓度8 g/m3,硫化氢承载负荷2 000 g/(m3.h)以下时,系统可以稳定运行,硫化氢的脱除率可达99%以上。     

化能自养型硫杆菌脱硫机制及脱硫策略

介绍了对化能自养型硫杆菌氧化煤中黄铁矿硫机制的认识过程,讨论了黄铁矿生物氧化机制的新观点:主要包括黄铁矿生物氧化的电化学本质、黄铁矿表面吸附细菌的功能、黄铁矿生物氧化的具体反应途径。采用氧化还原电势或[Fe3+]/[Fe2+]比建立的速率方程可用于描述化能自养型硫杆菌的生物氧化过程,其中中间产物元素硫的进一步氧化可能是限速步骤。针对目前黄铁矿生物氧化机制的新认识,提出了提高煤系黄铁矿硫生物脱除效率的研究策略。此外,如研究证实元素硫为超高硫煤中有机相硫的一部分,化能自养型硫杆菌也将能用于脱除煤中该部分有机硫。     

Modification of oxidizing activity of Thiobacillus ferroxidans by some particulate solids

Different particulate solids such as glass powder, various types of activated carbon and bentonite suspended in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cultures produce very different effects on the oxidizing activity of the microorganism. The atmospheric oxygen uptake by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in Warburg respirometer flasks containing 9K medium with ferrous sulfate as energy source and suspended bentonite is 2.8 times that in the absence of solids. The dissolution rate of pure pyrite in 250 cm³ shake flasks containing 9K medium and bentonite is considerably enhanced over that where the only solid phase is pyrite. Conversely, the oxidizing ability of the microorganism seems to be inhibited by all the activated carbons tested. The effect of ground glass seems to be related to its particle size distribution. Implications for the bioleaching of sulfide ores and coal pyrite are discussed in the light of current knowledge on the adsorption of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cells on solid surfaces.     

New Method of Manufacturing Micro Parts Using Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans

A new method of processing and manufacturing certain parts of instruments through biological approach is studied. Knowledge of feasibility of micro-manufacturing is obtained by comparing experimental results of etching surfaces of copper, aluminium alloy, brass, steel and stainless steel using strain of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (T.f.). Our experimental results show that certain metals can be etched using T.f., the most feasible material is copper, followed by brass, etc., with stainless steel the least. The surface of the stainless steel material is nearly unchanged during surface-etching. Micro parts made of copper or brass can be satisfactorily processed with T.f. and the rate of processing on copper is about 14?μm/h. Furthermore, surface roughness and processing speed are controlled by pH value and temperature of etching liquid, in addition to swing rate of the the swing bed.     

生物法应用于脱除硫化氢的实验研究

根据脱氮硫杆菌利用硫代硫酸盐、硫化物作为能源的性质,研究了脱氮硫杆菌应用于脱除硫化氢工艺中的碳酸钠溶液再生.通过单因素分析,进行了碳酸钠溶液含量、温度、pH值、进气速率、喷淋量、停留时间及洗涤液中含脱氮硫杆菌等因素对脱硫率影响的实验研究,初步确定了含H_2S(浓度≤1 300 mg/m~3)天然气脱硫的最佳工艺条件为:温度25～35 ℃,pH值8～9,初始碳酸钠质量分数5%,停留时间90 s.实验结果还表明:喷淋量和进气速率都会影响脱硫率;进入吸收塔的再生碱液携带有脱氮硫杆菌,而含脱氮硫杆菌的洗涤液(再生碱液)有利于提高脱硫率.     

镁质低品位铁镍硫化矿的活化工艺及机理

细菌浸出是镁质低品位铁镍硫化矿的潜在处理方案之一。针对该矿石浸出活性较低的问题,研究了硫酸预浸出和硫酸铵焙烧预浸出2种活化方案,并与细菌直接浸出(空白试验)做了比较。结果表明,2种活化方案都有利于金属回收,但硫酸铵焙烧预浸出方案的活化效果更优:浸出时间为8 d时,Ni、Cu和Mg的浸出率分别为90.2%、89.56%和61.19%,分别高于硫酸预浸出方案2.08%、12.2%和8.95%。矿石中的Mg主要在硫酸铵焙烧预浸出阶段进入溶液,细菌对Mg浸出的影响不大。XRD和能谱分析表明:浸出渣中Ni和Cu的残留量很低,Mg主要存在于难浸出的蛇纹石之中。