丝瓜络多糖提取工艺的研究

建立超声波提取丝瓜络多糖的最佳提取工艺。先考察了不同浸提时间、浸提温度、料液比对丝瓜络多糖提取率的影响,然后利用正交试验,优化丝瓜络多糖的提取工艺,并对结果进行方差分析。结果表明,影响丝瓜络多糖提取的因素主要顺序分别为浸提时间＞浸提温度＞料液比。本实验得出的最佳的丝瓜络多糖提取的工艺参数为：浸提时间为60 min,浸提温度为50℃,料液比为1：40,丝瓜络多糖含量达到30.80％。     

枸杞保健型发酵酸乳的研制

以牛乳和枸杞为主要原料进行枸杞保健型发酵酸乳的研制，通过研究确定了枸杞的最佳添加量及最佳发酵时间，通过L9（3^4）因素3水平正交实验和对产品综合评分，确定了产品最佳配方为枸杞的添加量0.2%、接种量3%、白砂糖6%、果胶添加量0.1%。     

HS/LPME-GC/MS法测定乌梅中的挥发性成分

采用顶空液相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用法(HS/LPME-GC/MS)分离鉴定乌梅中的主要挥发性成分。此方法具有操作简便、测试快速便捷等优点,可应用于乌梅等中药的挥发性成分的测定。     

几种中药浸提物的抗氧化活性研究

研究了山楂、白蒺藜及枸杞乙醇和水浸提物在卵黄脂蛋白不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)过氧体系中的抗氧化活性,并比较了几种浸提物对OH·自由基和O·-自由基的清除能力,结果表明:3种中药在PUFA体系具有不同的抗氧化能力;山楂和白蒺藜具有一定的清除OH·的能力;3种中药均具有较强的清除O·-的能力。     

红蓼果实有效成分的指纹图谱研究

对红蓼果实水红花子的黄酮类成分进行研究,采用HPLC色谱法对分布于我国9个地区的水红花子的有效部位槲皮素进行指纹图谱研究,色谱条件:DiamonsilTMC18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.2%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长为310 nm。结果表明9个不同产地药材的指纹图谱具有较好的相似度,因此可为水红花子的资源品质评价提供一定的科学依据。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定沙枣果实中5种酚类化合物

建立了高效液相色谱法检测沙枣果实中绿原酸、咖啡酸、香豆酸、肉桂酸和阿魏酸等5种酚类物质的方法。样品用乙腈超声提取,色谱柱为HypersilODS100mm×4.6mm（i.d）,5μm柱;流动相为乙腈和磷酸缓冲液（0.6%）,梯度洗脱;流速为1mL/min;检测波长为323nm和280nm;进样量为10μL。5种组分在一定范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.991～0.997,平均回收率为93.3%～98.1%,相对标准偏差为3.1%～7.4%（n=6）。结果表明：沙枣果实中绿原酸、咖啡酸、香豆酸、阿魏酸和肉桂酸的含量分别为0.472、0.373、0.425、0.529、0.381mg/kg。     

Stabilizing and destabilizing effects of drug-excipient interactions in spray-dried,freeze-dried,and granulated Sennae fructus extracts

Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare spray-dried and freeze-dried extracts of Sennae fructus regarding the stability of the sennosides. Therefore, the influence of the addition of maltodextrin (MD) not only before the drying processes but also during fluidized bed granulation was investigated. Analysis of the hygroscopicities, the simultaneous TGA-DSC-MS data, and the influence of storage revealed that spray-dried extracts are more stable than freeze-dried extracts. The addition of MD led to an even better stability of the extracts. Lower amounts of MD are sufficient if applied onto the surface of the native extract during fluidized bed granulation.     

Factors influencing the properties and the stability of spray-dried Sennae fructus extracts

Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize the properties of aqueous Sennae fructus extracts prepared by spray-drying at varying process conditions.

Significance: From an industrial point of view it is essential to develop a formulation which has a constant quality over the whole period of its specified shelf-life.

Method: Sennae fructus extracts were spray-dried with different atomizing gas pressures, pump feed rates, and inlet temperatures. The extracts were analyzed for their physical properties and stored at accelerated conditions. Sennoside degradation was monitored by HPLC analysis.

Results: An increase of the atomizing gas pressure had the most pronounced influence on the decrease of moisture content and particle size. An increase of the inlet temperature led to a decrease of moisture content and particle density, as well as an increase of smooth particle amount. An increase in the pump feed rate, increased the moisture content and resulted in stable hollow spheres. The different conditions also led to smooth or wrinkled particle surfaces, and to golfball, donut, and shard particle shapes. The chemical stability of the sennosides differed from each other after storage. Stability-reducing factors were the moisture content of the samples and their hygroscopicities, as well as different particle morphologies. These factors were influenced by the inlet temperature of the spray-drying process. High inlet temperatures led to a positive influence on dryness and particle morphology and therefore on the stability of the sennosides.

Conclusions: Variation of the process conditions affected the resulting particle properties and their storage stability of Sennae fructus extract.     

槐角多糖抗氧化活性研究

槐角通过超声-复合酶解法水解醇沉得到粗糖,经Sevage试剂纯化得到槐角多糖(sophorae fructus polysaccharides,SFP),再通过DEAE-52纤维素柱分离纯化得次级多糖SFP-1、SFP-2。以槐角多糖SFP、SFP-1及SFP-2为试验材料,采用自由基评定法,对ABTS+自由基、DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基进行抗氧化研究,并探究它们对DNA损伤的抑制作用。结果表明,槐角多糖及分离纯化组分(SFP、SFP-1、SFP-2)对4种自由基的抗氧化活性均呈量效关系。在浓度6.4 mg/mL时,对ABTS+自由基清除率均高于99.73%,对DPPH自由基清除率可达到87.05%,对超氧阴离子自由基清除率可达到50.92%,对羟基自由基清除率最高为96.54%,并有抑制DNA开链、解环作用。槐角多糖有较好的抗氧化作用,具有一定的开发价值。     

基于数据挖掘分析牛蒡子功能因子及其潜在机制

目的基于生物信息数据挖掘技术探讨药食同源牛蒡子的功能因子及其潜在作用机制。方法利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(traditionalChinesemedicinesystemspharmacologydatabaseandanalysis platform, TCMSP)和STRING数据库平台过滤牛蒡子的有效功能因子及对应作用靶点;运用Cytoscape 3.7.0软件建立并分析牛蒡子有效功能因子-作用靶点网络;利用STRING数据库平台和Cytoscape 3.7.0软件建立并分析牛蒡子有效功能因子作用靶点蛋白质相互作用(protein protein interaction, PPI)网络;利用Bioconductor对作用靶点进行基因本体(gene ontology, GO)功能和KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)通路富集分析。结果牛蒡子8个有效功能因子通过128条通路作用于80个靶点发挥其保健功能。牛蒡子中的新牛蒡素甲、牛蒡子苷、β-谷甾醇、山奈酚、角鲨烯、β-胡萝卜素、β-二氢紫罗兰酮、洋蓟素等有效功能因子可能通过晚期糖基化终末产物(advancedglycosylationendproducts,AGE)-糖基化终末产物受体(receptorofAGEs,RAGE)信号通路、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor, TNF)信号通路、甲状腺激素信号通路、C型凝集素受体信号通路等通路作用于前列腺素内过氧化物酶2(PTGS2)、半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(CASP3)、转录因子AP-1(JUN)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(BCL2)、α1-B肾上腺素受体(ADRA1B)、核受体辅激活因子2(NCOA2)等作用靶点发挥其抗氧化、清咽、降糖、降脂等保健功能和抗肿瘤、抗炎、舒张血管平滑肌等药理作用。结论牛蒡子发挥保健功能与药理作用具有多组分、多靶点、多途径的特点,研究结果可为牛蒡子食用及药用价值的进一步研究与开发提供理论基础与科学依据。