Visible transmission spectroscopy for the assessment of egg freshness

The objective of this research was to investigate the feasibility of visible transmission spectroscopy for the non‐destructive assessment of the freshness of an individual egg. A total of 600 intact white‐shelled eggs of the same flock (Lohmann, 40 weeks of age) were measured. To obtain a considerable variation in freshness, groups consisting of 60 eggs were stored (18 °C, 55% RH) for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 days. The non‐destructive spectral measurements were compared with the two most widely used destructive freshness parameters, namely Haugh units and albumen pH. A partial least squares (PLS1) model was built in order to predict Haugh units and pH of the albumen based on the transmission spectra. The correlation coefficients between the predicted value and the measured value were 0.842 and 0.867 for Haugh unit and pH of the albumen, respectively. These results show that the light transmission spectrum of an egg provides quantitative information about egg freshness. Relevant information concerning egg freshness is restricted to the interval between 570 and 750 nm. Furthermore, the models obtained for both destructive parameters were strikingly similar, indicating that Haugh unit and pH have the same physico‐chemical background. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Quality of Crude Fish Oil Extracted from Herring Byproducts of Varying States of Freshness

ABSTRACT: Herring byproducts were stored at 2 and 15 °C for up to 72 h. Over time, significant increases of total volatile bases (TVB), histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine were detected. However, only tyramine and TVB levels were temperature-dependent. The level of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was constant. Longer byproducts storage gave rise to an oil with higher levels of free fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and total PUFAs, while fluorescent compounds were lower. A higher storage temperature led to oil higher in α-tocopherol and EPA levels and lower in anisidine value. Surprisingly, the oil with the highest content of PUFAs was not produced from the freshest byproducts, and oil with low oxidation products can be extracted from stored byproducts.     

猪肉新鲜度无损检测技术现状及发展方向

随着科学技术的不断发展,猪肉新鲜度无损检测技术不断向快速、无损、实时的方向发展．本文主要研究猪肉新鲜度无损检测方法的发展现状,包括近红外光谱检测技术、人工嗅觉和人工味觉检测技术、计算机视觉检测技术等检测技术,并着重讨论计算机视觉技术在猪肉新鲜度无损检测中的应用．最后,针对猪肉新鲜度无损检测现阶段存在的问题提出了多信息融合检测技术及其应用．     

基于气敏传感器阵列和PCA的猪肉新鲜度快速分类方法

根据猪肉的腐败机理及其气味特征,合理选用了气敏传感器阵列,建立了一套用于猪肉新鲜度识别的电子鼻系统。通过不同保存温度不同时间的猪肉样品的电子鼻检测实验,探讨了电子鼻的实时响应特性的补偿方法和基于PCA的猪肉新鲜度的判别模式。同时采用挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)和微生物菌落总数检测实验进行对比分析。结果表明:在不同实验条件下,由于微生物作用产生的猪肉腐败规律,可由电子鼻实时检测;把温湿度信息作为PCA输入分量,能较好补偿温湿度造成的传感器误差。但是对于不同保存温度,判别模式是不同的。结果也表明,建立的电子鼻系统可以分析腐败过程,并半定量地表征猪肉腐败水平。     

乙基纤维素/蓝莓花青素浸泡型标签对牛奶新鲜度的指示

目的 旨在研发一款可浸泡在液体中的食品级牛奶新鲜度指示标签,让消费者简单方便且直观地了解牛奶的实时品质。方法 以乙基纤维素为聚合物基材,蓝莓花青素为pH敏感染料,吐温80和甘油为增塑剂制备出标签。通过比色分析、溶胀率、迁移测试、接触角、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析、扫描电镜(SEM)对指示标签进行表征,再将标签用于牛奶新鲜度监测,探究牛奶菌落总数、pH与指示标签总色差的关系。结果 花青素添加量为乙基纤维素质量分数10%的指示标签在pH缓冲液中的指示效果最佳;乙基纤维素和花青素通过氢键较好地结合使标签耐水性较好,可浸泡于液体中;迁移测试证明标签与牛奶接触不会造成安全问题;牛奶菌落总数、pH值与指示标签总色差存在相关性。结论 花青素添加量为乙基纤维素质量分数10%的指示标签在新鲜牛奶中显示为浅紫色,在变质牛奶中显示为粉色。该浸泡型指示标签在指示牛奶新鲜度上有良好应用价值和开发前景。     

基于人体嗅觉特征的猪肉新鲜度仿生电子鼻检测技术

借鉴成人鼻腔的特殊结构及其嗅觉原理设计出具有仿生意义的气体室。根据猪肉产生的气味和传感器实验,合理选择气敏传感器。采用支持向量机(SVM)作为模式识别方法。经理化试验证明系统检测猪肉新鲜度准确率达96.45%,结果表明设计的仿生电子鼻系统检测猪肉新鲜度是可行的。     

电子鼻对不同存储时间纯牛奶的检测分析

利用电子鼻系统的气体传感器阵列对牛奶的响应曲线特征值来表示牛奶新鲜度变化,采用SPSS中逐步判别对特征进行优化,分别用最小二乘法和Bayes判别算法分析牛奶新鲜度变化情况。结果表明:逐步判别法能有效地降低数据维数,Bayes判别法和偏最小二乘法相比,把数据分布密度函数加入牛奶新鲜度识别中,提高了电子鼻对牛奶新鲜度的识别的正确率,Bayes判别法能鉴别出存储间隔12 h的商品纯牛奶新鲜度的变化。因此,利用电子鼻和Bayes判别算法是分析牛奶新鲜度的一种有效的手段。     

BAN逻辑的可靠性分析与改进

BAN逻辑的推理过程中可能引入错误的推理条件,导致不安全的协议被验证为安全的。为解决该问题,对消息的形式化描述方式进行改进,在消息含义推理规则中加上一个隐含但不能被忽略的条件,以增强验证的可靠性,通过对发送和推理的消息单元进行限定,使消息新鲜性判定规则适用于更多类型的协议安全性验证。     

基于模糊控制的智能减压气调果蔬保鲜系统设计

采用模糊控制技术,建立了负压、温度和湿度模糊控制器和控制规则,采用遗传算法优化了模糊控制规则,设计了一种模糊智能减压气调保鲜控制系统和模糊控制算法流程及程序.用所研制的模糊智能减压气调保鲜控制系统进行了保鲜实验.黄瓜经37d连续减压保鲜后,成品率95%以上,豆角经90d连续减压保鲜后,成品率96%以上.实验结果证明,减压气调保鲜技术有效,模糊控制效果好.     

玉米新鲜度快速检测方法初探

初步建立了两种定性检验玉米新鲜度的方法:愈创木酚法,以溶液开始变色所需时间及加入染色液3 min后溶液颜色的改变程度,作为检测新陈玉米的依据;盐酸对二氨基苯法,以加入染色液5 min后玉米胚部及皮层颜色的改变来推断玉米新陈.