杀螟硫磷生产废水的试验研究

研究了微波辐射条件下,以活性炭为催化剂,过氧化氢为氧化剂氧化处理杀螟硫磷生产废水。考察了微波功率、辐照时间、pH值、活性炭用量、过氧化氢用量对COD去除率的影响,在pH值为2.0、微波功率400W、微波辐照时间5 min、过氧化氢用量0.59 mol/L、活性炭用量120 g/L的条件下,废水COD去除率可达到65.9%,并对反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

界面聚合法制备农药微胶囊剂的研究

选取杀螟硫磷作为有效成分,介绍了界面聚合法制备农药微胶囊剂的改进方法,将多异氰酸酯预处理后再进行聚合反应,并与农药微胶囊剂的传统制备方法进行了对比,发现方法改进后,微胶囊的囊皮特性得到很好改善,微胶囊的包药率提高约一倍,达到95％以上,热贮稳定性有很大程度提高,分解率从15％降低到2％左右,释放速度更加缓慢,而且可以通过不同的条件控制释放速度,说明改进后方法制得的微胶囊剂能更好地提高农药的持效性,可以减少施药量一文中还着重研究了多种反应条件对农药微胶囊化的影响,测定了农药微胶囊在水中的释放速度,实验表明：释放速度可以通过界面聚合反应的时间、微胶囊剂粒子的大小、农药与囊材的不同用量比、两种水相单体的不同用量比等因素进行控制和调节,以获得适合实际要求的微胶囊：     

Variability in the fermentation rate and colour of young lager beer as influenced by insecticide and herbicide residues

The influence of five pesticides, pendimethalin, trifluralin (dinitroaniline herbicides) fenitrothion, malathion, and methidathion (organophosphorus insecticides), on the fermentation of young lager beer was assessed. For this purpose, brewer wort was spiked with the pesticides to obtain a concentration of 1 μg/ml before the pitching with lager yeast (Saccharomyces carlsbergensis). The fermentation kinetic was sluggish for the samples treated with fenitrothion, malathion, and trifluralin but increased from the second to the sixth day in the methidathion and pendimethalin treatments in comparison with the blank sample. At the end of fermentation (12 days) statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for the extract and attenuation values for the samples treated with fenitrothion and trifluralin. In these cases too, a higher amount of residual sugars (glucose, fructose, maltose and maltotriose) was found in the beer. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were also observed for pH and colour of the beer after fermentation among all treated samples. A good quadratic correlation (R > 0.94) was found for these parameters in all cases. The total polyphenol content was significantly lower in the fenitrothion and trifluralin treatments.     

40%杀·噻乳剂的气相色谱分析

采用５％ＯＶ－１０１为色谱柱的固定相,以磷酸三苯酯为内标物,用氢火焰检测器对杀螟硫磷．噻嗪酮乳油进行定量分析,杀螟硫磷、噻嗪酮的标准偏差分别为０．１５和０．１６平均回收率分别为１００．２４％和９９．８０％。分离效果好,方法准确。     

Comparison of Fenitrothion and Trifluralin Adsorption on Organo-Zeolites and Activated Carbon. Part I: Pesticides Adsorption Isotherms on Adsorbents

In the past decades, natural zeolites have found a important role in adsorption applications due to their local availability and low cost preparation. In this study, surface of natural zeolite sample was modified by using cationic surfactants in order to investigate its adsorption capacity to remove pesticides from wastewater. Data obtained from adsorption studies on organo-zeolites were compared with data obtained from those on activated carbon. To determine the adsorption process and properties, the effects of various operating parameters, pH of the solution (3–11), initial concentration of pesticides (5–20 mg · L^?1), contact time (10–350 min), and temperature (25–55°C) were investigated in a batch adsorption technique. According to results, the adsorbed amount of fenitrothion on three different adsorbents decreased whereas those of trifluralin on the adsorbents increased with increasing temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to experimental equilibrium data of pesticide adsorption depending on temperature. The data obtained from adsorption isotherms for organo-zeolites and activated carbon were well fitted to the Freundlich model at all temperatures.     

THE FATE OF ~(14)C-FENITROTHION IN RICE-FISH MODEL ECOSYSTEM

The fate of fenitrothion in rice- fish ecosystem was studied using C- fenitrothion (14C- F) labelled at methoxyl and two application rates. The fenitrothion in water disappeared quickly, only 8 and 11 ppb in two treatments at harvest were detected respectively. Most of 14C-F in soil existed in upper layer and that in plants appeared in shoots. The extractable residues in cargo rice were 0.36 and 0.58 ppm in two treatments respectively. 14C- residues (14C- R) were concentrated in bones, next viscera, meat and scales. Total 14C-R in meat were 0.92 and 1.77 ppm at harvest. Comparing two treatments, the residue dynamics of fenitrothion in water, soil, plants and fish were similar. 14C- R in water and soil after harvest affected the rice- fish ecosystem in the next season. However, the extractable 14C- R in cargo rice, soil and water were very low. Fenitrothion 14C- fenitrothion Rice- fish Model ecosystem     

Novel DNA Aptameric Sensors to Detect the Toxic Insecticide Fenitrothion

Fenitrothion is an insecticide belonging to the organophosphate family of pesticides that is widely used around the world in agriculture and living environments. Today, it is one of the most hazardous chemicals that causes severe environmental pollution. However, detection of fenitrothion residues in the environment is considered a significant challenge due to the small molecule nature of the insecticide and lack of molecular recognition elements that can detect it with high specificity. We performed in vitro selection experiments using the SELEX process to isolate the DNA aptamers that can bind to fenitrothion. We found that newly discovered DNA aptamers have a strong ability to distinguish fenitrothion from other organophosphate insecticides (non-specific targets). Furthermore, we identified a fenitrothion-specific aptamer; FenA2, that can interact with Thioflavin T (ThT) to produce a label-free detection mode with a K_d of 33.57 nM (9.30 ppb) and LOD of 14 nM (3.88 ppb). Additionally, the FenA2 aptamer exhibited very low cross-reactivity with non-specific targets. This is the first report showing an aptamer sensor with a G4-quadruplex-like structure to detect fenitrothion. Moreover, these aptamers have the potential to be further developed into analytical tools for real-time detection of fenitrothion from a wide range of samples.     

近红外光谱法快速判别水中杀螟硫磷残留

对二维相关光谱选择波数结合偏最小二乘判别分析检测水中杀螟硫磷残留进行了可行性研究。先用原始近红外光谱构建的二维相关同步光谱选择了(5365~7800)cm~(-1)来建立偏最小二乘判别模型。总共241个样品中,随机选择了161个纯水及含杀螟硫磷的水溶液样品作为训练集,另外80个样品作为验证集。在(5365~7800)cm~(-1)内,前处理方法为数据中心化时,训练集中的2个1μg/mL的水溶液样品被误判;前处理方法为标准正态变量转换或多元散射校正(含数据中心化)时,预测集中都有2个纯水样品被误判:总正确率都为99.2%。能检测出的水中的杀螟硫磷的最低浓度为1μg/mL。建立了一种快速判别水中杀螟硫磷残留的方法。     

Dissipation rates of fenitrothion in greenhouse grown lettuce and under cold storage conditions

The dissipation of fenitrothion ( O , O -dimethyl O - p -nitro- m -tolyl phosphothioate) was evaluated by gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD) in lettuce samples grown in an experimental greenhouse and harvested over a 4 weeks period following treatment with this insecticide. Dissipation followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics ( r was 0.996). The recommended preharvest time (PT) of application is 15 days, and when the residual value of fenitrothion was evaluated at harvest, it was found to be above the maximum residue limit (MRL) established by Spanish law in the field experiment for this compound. During the experiment, the evolution of the two main fenitrothion metabolites (3-methyl-4-nitrophenol and fenitrothion-oxon) was also evaluated. When the dissipation of fenitrothion was evaluated in cold-stored lettuce the half-life was 9–10 times greater than in greenhouse conditions.