Membrane degumming of crude rice bran oil: Pilot plant study

The procedure for the classical chemical refining of vegetable oils consists of degumming, alkali neutralization, bleaching, and deodorization. Conventional refining of rice bran oil using alkali gives oil of acceptable quality, but the refining losses are very high. A critical work has been carried out to study the application of membrane technology in the pretreatment of crude rice bran oil. Oils intended for physical refining should have a low phosphorus content, and this is not readily achievable by the conventional acid/water degumming process. The application of membrane technology for the pretreatment of rice bran oil has been investigated. The process has already been successfully applied to other vegetable oils. Ceramic membranes, which are important from the commercial point of view, were examined for this purpose. The results showed that the membrane‐filtered oils met the requirements of physical refining, with a substantial reduction in color. It was observed that most of the waxy material was also rejected. Experiments were carried out to establish the relationship between permeate flux and rejection with membrane pore size, trans‐membrane pressure and micellar solute concentration.     

磷脂酶用于大豆油脱胶的研究

植物油的酶法脱胶是一种新的大豆油脱胶方法。利用新型微生物磷脂酶Lecitase Ultra进行大豆油脱胶的研究,探讨了若干操作参数对大豆油脱胶效果的影响,确定了该酶较优的反应条件:反应时间200 min,加酶量25 mg/kg,pH值4.8,温度46~48℃,大豆油含磷量能降到4.7 mg/kg。结果表明,Lecitase Ultra应用于植物油脱胶效果好且稳定,是一种更适宜于工业化应用的酶种。     

汉麻原麻的超声脱胶工艺与原理

运用超声技术对汉麻原麻进行脱胶,确定工艺流程和影响汉麻脱胶的主要工艺因素.得出脱胶效果最优的工艺条件为:在温度55℃、质量分数为1.5%的NaOH溶液介质中,频率为28 kHz、功率密度为0.45 W/cm2,并对汉麻超声脱胶原理进行了分析.     

苎麻快速脱胶剂的研制

将表面活性剂和无机助剂复配应用于苎麻脱胶。通过测定苎麻脱胶后的残胶率，用正交试验法优选了脱胶剂最佳配方，制备的脱胶剂将原脱胶工艺的2次煮炼改进为1次煮炼，煮炼时间由5.0h-6.0h缩短为2.0h-3.0h。按照国标测定，制备的脱胶剂优于瑞士进口助剂及原工艺脱胶效果。     

脱胶工艺对不同段棉秆皮纤维性能的影响

定量测定棉秆皮各段成分含量,并采用化学二煮法脱胶方法对棉秆皮进行分段脱胶.以棉秆皮纤维细度、残胶率、断裂强度为指标,研究脱胶处理对提取的不同段棉秆皮纤维性能的影响.结果表明,在同一脱胶工艺条件下,不同段棉杆皮纤维的细度、残胶率、断裂强度有较大差异,棉秆皮应采用分段脱胶处理.合理的棉秆皮脱胶分段方案为：第一段根部,地表以下部分;第二段中段,地表以上长度25cm;第三段稍部,地表以上长度大于25cm.     

大麻加工技术现状及发展

针对大麻纤维正在引起普遍关注的现实，围绕大麻脱胶这一关键技术，综述了目前国内外的各种方法及其存在的缺点；同时介绍现有的纺纱、染整技术和产品开发现状，呼吁加强研究工作，以期能更好地解决大麻脱胶和分纤的问题。     

高性能MIM材料烧结炉的特征及设备主要组成

根据国际和国内MIM材料烧结工艺最新的要求和技术特点,对改进MIM材料烧结炉的结构和排胶方法进行了分析和比较,并对比了MIM烧结使用的真空式批次炉和气氛式连续炉设备性能优缺点,提出了满足市场化要求的技术方案。     

Improved oil treatment conditions for soft degumming

“Soft degumming” is a new physicochemical degumming process. It involves the complete elimination of phospholipids by using a chelating agent, EDTA, in the prescence of an emulsifying additive. To study the optimal cost of the process, a laboratory study was undertaken to find a method based on substituting the emulsifying additive by endogenous phospholipids. The phospholipids were first extracted from the oil by an initial hot-water treatment. In a second stage, a solution containing a chelating agent was incorporated. The mixture was then vigorously stirred to form an emulsion. The degummed oil was obtained after centrifugation. A comparative study carried out on several oils provided an indication of the efficiency of this alternative procedure. The phospholipid content of the processed oils was about 5 ppm phosphorus.     

Degumming of crude soybean oil by ultrafiltration using polymeric membranes

In this study, the ability of two ultrafiltration polymeric membranes to perform the degumming of a crude soybean oil/hexane mixture is tested. The performance of both membranes is defined in terms of their permeation flux, permeate color, and rejection of phospholipids. One of the membranes was synthesized in our laboratories from polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF); the other one is a commercially available membrane made of polyimide. The degumming experiments were done in a stirred dead-end ultrafiltration cell pressurized with N₂. Results show that tested membranes are suitable for removing phospholipids from the crude oil/hexane miscella in the range of temperature and transmembrane pressure utilized in this work. Both membranes have high selectivity regarding phospholipids and produce a moderate reduction in permeate color. The PVDF membrane gives permeate fluxes up to threefold larger than those obtained with polyimide membrane at the same operational conditions, making the former more suitable for use at industrial scale.