大豆异黄酮生理功能的研究进展

大豆异黄酮因具有明显的生物学活性已越来越引起社会和学术界的普遍关注,是近年来科学家研究的热点。研究表明,大豆异黄酮与人类健康密切相关,具有许多生理功能,如抗肿瘤作用、对血管的防护作用、抗氧化活性、类似女性雌激素作用以及抗激素作用等。文中阐述了大豆异黄酮生理功能的研究进展。     

浸泡处理对大豆中的大豆苷原稳定性影响的研究

研究了浸泡液pH值、浸泡时间和浸泡温度对大豆中的大豆苷原稳定性的影响，结果表明：使用酸性水溶液浸泡，大豆苷原的含量随时间的延长而下降；使用中性和碱性水溶液，大豆苷原含量随时间的延长而增加，但若浸泡时间过长，则大豆苷原含量亦有轻微降低，通过正交试验初步优化了浸泡条件，得最佳浸泡处理条件为：pH值8．5，浸泡时间10h，温度30℃。     

Stability of isoflavone daidzein and genistein in riboflavin, chlorophyll b, or methylene blue photosensitization

ABSTRACT:  Effects of photosensitizers including riboflavin, chlorophyll b , or methylene blue on the stability of daidzein and genistein were studied in model systems by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Concentration of daidzein and genistein in 80% methanol with riboflavin under light for 7 h was significantly decreased with the apparent 1st-order rate constants of 0.234 and 0.193/h, respectively, ( P < 0.05), while those without riboflavin under light did not change significantly ( P > 0.05). The stability of isoflavone aglycones in the dark did not change significantly irrespective of the presence of riboflavin ( P > 0.05). The concentrations of daidzein and genistein in chlorophyll b or methylene blue model systems under light were not significantly different from those in the dark for 7 h ( P > 0.05). Addition of sodium azide increased the stability of daidzein and genistein in riboflavin photosensitization with concentration dependent manner. However, the protective effects of β-carotene addition on the photodegradation of isoflavones were not high. The stability difference of daidzein and genistein in riboflavin photosensitization may be due to the high reactivity of riboflavin through type I pathway, although singlet oxygen may be involved in part.     

大豆黄酮对衰老小鼠脑组织神经递质含量的调节

研究大豆黄酮对D–半乳糖致衰老小鼠脑神经递质水平的调节.连续背部注射D–半乳糖6周,建立衰老模型,然后灌胃大豆黄酮5周（实验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ的剂量分别为5、10 mg/（kg.d））,监测不同脑区乙酰胆碱、乙酰胆碱酯酶、多巴胺和5–羟色胺含量变化,探讨大豆黄酮对衰老小鼠脑组织神经递质水平的影响.结果表明,灌胃衰老小鼠大豆黄酮后,大脑皮质和海马中乙酰胆碱、乙酰胆碱酯酶、多巴胺和5–羟色胺含量明显上升,并且具有一定的剂量效应.说明大豆黄酮可以改善衰老小鼠脑组织中神经递质含量,具有明显的抗衰老作用.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大豆中3种异黄酮素

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大豆中金雀异黄素(genistein)、大豆苷元(daidzein)和黄豆黄素(glycitein)的含量。方法样品经过乙醇-水(3:1,V:V)提取,用AcquityUPLC?HSST3柱(3.0mm×150mm,1.8μm)分离,以甲醇和0.1%甲酸溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾负离子模式(electrospray ionization, ESI-)电离,多反应监测模式(multiple reaction monitoring mode, MRM)进行检测。结果金雀异黄素、大豆苷元和黄豆黄素在2.0～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r20.999),方法的检出限分别为0.5、0.4、0.1 mg/kg,在2.5、10.0、40.0 mg/kg添加水平的平均回收率为79.3%～107%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.3%～6.8%。结论方法简单、灵敏、准确可靠,适用于大豆中金雀异黄素、大豆苷元和黄豆黄素等3种异黄酮素含量的测定。     

MATE-Type Proteins Are Responsible for Isoflavone Transportation and Accumulation in Soybean Seeds

Soybeans are nutritionally important as human food and animal feed. Apart from the macronutrients such as proteins and oils, soybeans are also high in health-beneficial secondary metabolites and are uniquely enriched in isoflavones among food crops. Isoflavone biosynthesis has been relatively well characterized, but the mechanism of their transportation in soybean cells is largely unknown. Using the yeast model, we showed that GmMATE1 and GmMATE2 promoted the accumulation of isoflavones, mainly in the aglycone forms. Using the tobacco BrightYellow-2 (BY-2) cell model, GmMATE1 and GmMATE2 were found to be localized in the vacuolar membrane. Such subcellular localization supports the notion that GmMATE1 and GmMATE2 function by compartmentalizing isoflavones in the vacuole. Expression analyses showed that GmMATE1 was mainly expressed in the developing soybean pod. Soybean mutants defective in GmMATE1 had significantly reduced total seed isoflavone contents, whereas the overexpression of GmMATE1 in transgenic soybean promoted the accumulation of seed isoflavones. Our results showed that GmMATE1, and possibly also GmMATE2, are bona fide isoflavone transporters that promote the accumulation of isoflavones in soybean seeds.     

Isoflavone content among maturity group 0 to II soybeans

This study reports the isoflavone contents of 210 soybean cultivars grown in South Dakota and explores possible relations between isoflavone contents and agronomic characteristics. Total isoflavone contents (normalized) ranged from 1161 to 2743 μg/g. A number of agronomic characteristics were documented for each variety including maturity group, hilum color, disease resistance, seed weight, yield, maturity (in days), and plant height. Varieties in maturity group I had significantly higher total isoflavones when compared to maturity group 0. Hilum color was related to differences in genistin, daidzein, and genistein content. No differences in isoflavone content were observed based on disease resistance profiles. Genistein content was found to be negatively correlated with yield, days of maturity, and plant height. Weak but significant correlations also existed between these agronomic characteristics and other isoflavones.     

大肠杆菌偏利共培养系统合成大豆苷元

大豆苷元是一种植物雌激素,具有多种生物活性,但在大肠杆菌中的生物全合成还未见报道。基于大豆苷元合成途径的三个模块（对香豆酸、甘草素和大豆苷元模块）,构建大肠杆菌共培养系统从头合成大豆苷元。将对香豆酸和甘草素模块分配到两株大肠杆菌中构建双菌共培养系统,合成甘草素。在此基础上,探索了三种共培养模式合成大豆苷元,结果显示,三菌共培养系统比其他两种双菌共培养系统的产量更高,达到27.8 mg/L。共培养菌株间通过苯丙氨酸的单向流动形成了偏利共生的关系,有助于平衡代谢途径,提高大豆苷元产量。该共培养系统在大肠杆菌中实现大豆苷元的从头合成,为其他黄酮类化合物的生物合成提供了即插即用的平台。     

Escherichia coli biotransformation of daidzein fermentation products from soy‐based foods—relevance to food oestrogenicity‐based functionality

Oestrogenic isoflavones (e.g. daidzein) present in soy‐based foods are likely to be important in food functionality. Biotransformation of daidzein during fermentation‐based soy‐containing food manufacture forms three trihydroxy metabolites, 6‐ortho‐hydroxydaidzein (6‐OHD), 8‐ortho‐hydroxydaidzein (8‐OHD) and 3′‐ortho‐hydroxydaidzein (3′‐OHD) which alters the oestrogenicity of the final food product. We report that Escherichia coli (a key component of the gut microbiome) metabolism converts 8‐OHD to 6‐OHD with a likely concomitant increase in oestrogenicity. This means that the functionality of 8‐OHD‐containing soy‐based foods is altered by gut microbiome metabolism. This change in oestrogenicity‐based food functionality might have benefits for postmenopausal women, while being a feminising health risk for males and could add to the risk of oestrogen‐mediated precocious puberty in girls.