海参废渣皂苷通过核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体信号通路抵抗环磷酰胺诱导小鼠的免疫抑制

在我国海参是一种具有多种生物活性的传统滋补品。本实验系统性地研究了2.5、5.0、10.0 mg/（kg mb·d）海参废渣皂苷（saponins extracted from sea cucumber residues，SCRSS）对免疫抑制小鼠的调节作用。结果表明，与模型对照组相比，5.0 mg/（kg mb·d）SCRSS使小鼠的体质量、脾脏指数和胸腺指数分别增加了15.3%、23.8%和39.8%；5.0 mg/（kg mb·d）SCRSS也极显著增加了免疫抑制小鼠的吞噬指数（P＜0.01）。此外，与模型对照组相比，各剂量SCRSS均明显地增加了血清中细胞因子的水平，并促进了脾淋巴细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞的增殖活性。其中，中等剂量（5.0 mg/（kg mb·d））SCRSS可以更有效地上调免疫抑制小鼠核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域蛋白1、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域蛋白2、受体相互作用蛋白-2和核因子-κB的表达。结论：SCRSS具有作为提高免疫力的功能性食品补充剂的潜力。     

抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体相关性小血管炎的机制与治疗进展

血管炎是一类可引起血管非特异性炎症和坏死的自身免疫性疾病。按血管受累的大小分类,包括了小血管炎、中等血管炎及大血管炎。抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体（ANCA）相关性小血管炎（AAV）属于小血管炎的范畴,主要包含了肉芽肿性多血管炎（GPA）,显微镜下多血管炎（MPA）和嗜酸肉芽肿性多血管炎（EGPA）。它们可累及全身不同脏器,活动期异常凶险,治疗不及时可致高死亡率。本文简要综述AAV的发病机制及治疗进展。     

The Potential of Asiatic Acid in the Reversion of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Rats

The purpose of this study was to determine if asiatic acid may act efficiently in the model of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis in rats. We performed experiments after administration of CYP (single dose 200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), asiatic acid (30 mg/kg/day for 14 consecutive days, by oral gavage), or CYP plus asiatic acid, during which conscious cystometry, measurements of urothelium thickness and bladder edema, as well as selected biomarkers analyses were conducted. In rats that received asiatic acid together with CYP, a drop in bladder basal pressure, detrusor overactivity index, non-voiding contraction amplitude, non-voiding contraction frequency, and the area under the pressure curve were observed, when compared to the CYP group. Furthermore, a significant increase in threshold pressure, voided volume, intercontraction interval, bladder compliance, and volume threshold to elicit NVC were found in that group accordingly. Administration of the asiatic acid successfully restored concentrations of biomarkers both in bladder urothelium (BDNF, CGRP, OCT-3, IL-1β, IL-6, NGF, nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, SV2A, SNAP23, SNAP25, PAC-1, ORM1, occludin, IGFBP-3, HB-EGF, T–H protein, Z01, and HPX) and detrusor muscle (Rho kinase and VAChT) in CYP-treated rats. Finally, asiatic acid significantly decreased urothelium thickness and bladder oedema. Asiatic acid proved to be a potent and effective drug in the rat model of CYP-induced cystitis.     

激光联用环磷酰胺对荷瘤鼠外周血IgG影响的实验研究

以小鼠S180腹水瘤为动物实验模型．对氦氖激光照射与化疗药物环磷酰胺(CYT)联合应用对S180荷瘤鼠外周血IgG含量影响作了系统性研究。应用11．00，14．67和22．00J／cm^2三种剂量氦氖激光照射荷瘤鼠内眼角，同时联合应用化疗药物环磷酰胺,动态监测S180荷瘤鼠外周血IgG含量的变化。结果表明,CYT联合应用氦氖激光照射组IgG含量均高于单纯应用CYT组。     

功能性黄酒提高机体免疫力研究

通过环磷酰胺（CTX）作为免疫抑制剂建立免疫抑制模型的实验方法,探索含中草药成分的功能性黄酒是否有提高机体免疫 力功能的作用。以低度传统半干绍兴黄酒为酒基,加入黄芪、麦冬、五味子、生晒参、甘草中药提取物,增加皂苷、多糖等功能性成分含 量,将受试动物分为五组,并进行不同的小鼠灌胃实验。 结果表明,给药1组和模型1组相比,给药组的脾脏指数和胸腺指数分别增加 了28.78%和17.33%,免疫球蛋白M（IgM）含量增加了24.49%。 功能性黄酒对于模型组小鼠的免疫功能具有一定的提升。     

藻胆蛋白在大肠杆菌中的重组表达及其光谱学性质与抗氧化活性研究

研究发现从红藻坛紫菜中提取的多糖具有优异的抗氧化活性。本文研究了坛紫菜多糖及其硫酸衍生物对两种突变剂环磷酰胺和丝裂霉素C诱导的大蒜根尖细胞微核率、有丝分裂指数和染色体畸变率的影响作用,以及抗脂质过氧化作用。结果表明,两种多糖均表现出明显地抑制微核和染色体畸变作用,明显地提高有丝分裂指数。其影响作用具有明显的剂量依赖性。当多糖浓度为100 mg/L时,多糖表现出最大抑制效应或增强效应。同时,硫酸化衍生物表现出比原料多糖更优异的抗细胞内脂质过氧化作用。分析表明坛紫菜多糖表现出的抗突变作用与抗脂质过氧化作用具有一定关系。同时也表明硫酸基对于抗突变作用的间接影响。结果显示坛紫菜多糖具有成为抗突变活性物质的潜力。     

富硒沼泽红假单胞菌G3 菌与牛初乳复配改善小鼠免疫功能的作用研究

目的：探讨富硒沼泽红假单胞菌G3 菌(简称富硒G3 菌)与牛初乳复配对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：将富G3 菌与牛初乳复配形成富硒牛初乳,用环磷酰胺构建小鼠免疫低下模型,对免疫低下小鼠灌胃富硒G3 菌、牛初乳和富硒牛初乳,50d 后测定各组小鼠脏器指数、白细胞数、T 淋巴细胞阳性率、血清SOD 酶活性、全血GSH-Px活性,同时计算平均每日进食饲料质量与体质量增加量的比值。结果：富硒G3 菌、牛初乳、富硒牛初乳均能提高免疫低下小鼠对饲料的利用率,能提高免疫低下小鼠SOD、GSH-Px 活性、白细胞数和T 淋巴细胞阳性率,其中富硒牛初乳高剂量组效果最为明显,说明富硒牛初乳高剂量组能显著增强小鼠的免疫功能。     

泰山蛹虫草多糖对免疫抑制小鼠血清蛋白含量和体内抗氧化能力的影响

目的:研究泰山蛹虫草多糖(Cordyceps taishanensis polysaccharide,CTP)对免疫抑制小鼠血清蛋白含量和抗氧化能力的影响。方法:通过对小鼠灌服多糖实验,观察CTP对小鼠血清总蛋白、白蛋白及球蛋白含量和抗氧化能力的影响。结果:与环磷酰胺(Cyclophosphamide,CY)模型组比较,三个CTP组的血清总蛋白、球蛋白和白蛋白含量均极显著增高(p0.01);三个CTP组的红细胞SOD活性和血清CAT活性均显著提高(p0.01或p0.05),红细胞MDA含量均极显著减少(p0.01)。结论:CTP能显著提高CY所致的免疫损伤小鼠的血清蛋白含量,在一定程度上CTP能减轻CY对小鼠肝脏的损害作用;CTP也能改善CY所致免疫损伤小鼠的抗氧化能力。     

Immune-enhancing effects of β-lactoglobulin glycated with lactose following in vitro digestion on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice

β-Lactoglobulin (β-LG) is a major milk protein, making up more than 53% of the total whey proteins, and is seen as a valuable ingredient in food processing because of its high essential amino acid content and diverse functional applications. The Maillard reaction can occur during the storage and processing of food and generate various beneficial effects, including anti-allergenicity, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. The addition of an β-LG-lactose conjugate (LGL) produced by the Maillard reaction was shown to have a strong immune-enhancing effect, increasing both nitric oxide generation and cytokine expression through activation of RAW 264.7 cells, even after in vitro digestion. Furthermore, daily LGL administration resulted in the upregulation of several immune markers in a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressive mouse model, indicating that this treatment stimulates multiple immune cells, including macrophages, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes, enhancing the proliferation and activation of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Taken together, these findings indicate that consuming LGL on a regular basis can improve immunity by increasing the natural production of various immune cells.