降低紧密纺色织物浆纱断头的几项措施

为了降低紧密纺色织品种的浆纱断头,提高产品质量,分析了该品种在浆纱过程中产生断头的原因,介绍了在操作方面应采取的措施及在工艺方面应注意的问题.通过适当加大干分绞区张力及前浆槽纱线的喂入张力、预烘张力,单独控制前浆槽的浆液粘度,确保回潮率满足工艺要求,有效解决了紧密纺色织品种浆纱断头问题,提高了织轴质量.     

壳聚糖的提取,纺丝及医用研究

壳聚糖是一种生物聚合物。壳聚糖纺丝可制备具有可吸收性的医用手术缝线。本研究主要探讨壳聚糖的分子结构特征及化学性能，寻求壳糖纺丝的最佳工艺条件和成纤方法，为壳聚糖的深度开发应用提供基础、数据及方法。     

Dichotomous behavior of polymer melts in isothermal melt spinning

Isothermal melt spinning experiments have been conducted using two polyethylene melts of low density (LDPE) and high density (HDPE) to produce steady state spinline profiles. The data revealed the threadline extensional viscosity exhibiting a contrasting picture : extension thickening behavior for LDPE and extension thinning one for HDPE. A White-Metzner model having a strain rate-dependent relaxation time was then found to be able to simulate this dichotomy in melt spinning fairly well: the fluids whose relaxation times have smaller strain rate-dependence can fit LDPE data with extension thickening extensional viscosity whereas the fluids whose relaxation times have larger strain rate-dependence can fit HDPE data with extension thinning extensional viscosity. This dichotomous nature of viscoelastic fluids is also believed to be able to explain other similar contrasting phenomena exhibited by polymer melts, such as vortex/no vortex in entry flows, cohesive/ductile fracture modes in extension, and more/less stable draw resonance than Newtonian fluids.     

铝合金熔体旋转喷吹除气净化过程模拟

采用计算机模拟方法对铝合金熔体旋转喷吹除气净化过程的温度场以及流场进行分析。结果表明,在转杆内部放置一个导气管,可以显著降低气体温度,从而可以有效地解决旋转喷头由于熔剂因高温变软而堵塞的问题;旋转速度和进气流量对铝合金熔体旋转喷吹除气净化效果具有重要影响,应该根据具体情况选择合适的工艺参数。熔池为方形结构时,气体主要从对角处出去,而远离对角处的体积分数却显著降低,甚至可能发生吸气。     

硫氰酸钠法高吸湿(水)腈纶纺丝工艺及其性能的研究

采用丙烯酸和丙烯腈的共聚物与聚丙烯腈共混纺丝的方法,纺制了丙烯酸改性的聚丙烯腈纤维,研究了纺丝工艺条件与改性腈纶性能之间的关系。实验结果表明:随着共混纺丝所采用的丙烯酸共聚物的共聚比的增加,改性腈纶的断裂强度有所下降,吸湿性和保水性则不断提高;采用低温干燥致密化和较低的总拉伸倍数,有利于提高改性纤维的吸湿和保水性能;随着纤度的增大,改性腈纶的回潮率和保水率渐渐减小。     

DYNAMIC TENSIONS IN FINITE OIL DROPLETS

In reacting systems, dynamic interfacial tension (IFT) values above 10-20 mN/m are often encountered. For such high tension values, infinitely long oil droplets will not be realised in spinning drop tensiometry. Hence, Vonnegut's solution will not be strictly valid. The experimentalist is then compelled to use one of the several alternative solution schemes proposed in the literature. We have obtained dynamic IFT data for 0.3125 mM oleic acid in hexadecane contacted with various NaOH solutions by the use of a novel experimental scheme called photo-micropendography. These tension values were then compared with spinning drop tensiometer data calculated by using three alternative solution schemes, namely, Vonnegut's method, the formula of Slattery and Chen and the analysis of Princen el al. The comparison showed that when the droplet's length/width ratio was below 2.5, Vonnegut's formula was severely in error. The solution scheme proposed by Slattery and Chen gave tension values close to those found by photo-micropendography over the entire range of IFT values exhibited by the oleic acid/caustic systems. However, the most consistent and reasonably accurate tension values resulted from the use of Table I in the paper by Princen, Zia and Mason. A simplified computer algorithm has been proposed for calculating dynamic interfacial tensions using the formulas and tables proposed by the latter authors. However, at length/width ratios above 2.5, the agreement between interfacial tensions determined by micropendography and spinning drop data calculated by the use of Vonnegut's solution was quite good.     

机电一体化技术在机械工程上的应用及发展趋势

介绍了机电一体化技术的内涵及特点，并列举了机电一体化在机床改造，纺织机械等机械工程上的一些成功应用的例子，并指出其最新发展趋势。     

基于Taguchi方法的滑动轴承二道次旋压工艺参数优化

以QSn7-0.2锡青铜为试验材料,以减薄率、道次分配比、一道次进给比和二道次进给比为试验参数,设计正交试验,以成形件内外轴线直线度误差为评价指标,利用Simufact软件对二道次错距旋压进行数值模拟,利用Taguchi方法分析仿真结果的信噪比,优化试验参数,得到各参数对滑动轴承内外轴线直线度误差的影响程度顺序与最优工艺参数组合,并进行试验验证。结果表明,Taguchi方法可有效降低工件内外轴线直线度误差,提高产品性能。     

移动质心自旋再入飞行器的建模与解耦控制

对移动质心控制自旋再入飞行器进行了概念研究.以所建立的移动质心自旋再入飞行器的姿态动力学模型为基础,分析其控制耦合特性,借鉴工程中易于实现的逆奈奎斯特阵列法,对被控对象进行预补偿,使其传递函数矩阵成为具有对角优势来削弱被控对象各回路间的耦合,然后再运用单变量系统的频域设计方法对每个回路单独设计,从而将复杂的多变量设计问题转化为单变量设计问题,解决较强耦合下自旋再入飞行器姿态稳定性同题.仿真分析表明,对被控对象进行预补偿设计后,系统达到了较好的解耦效果.     

基于支持向量机的纺纱质量预测模型研究

纱线的生产是一个多环节的复杂工业过程．其质量控制大多需要依赖领域专家的个人经验,为此提出一种基于支持向量机的纱线质量预测模型．探讨了模型选择与验证问题,并利用“网格搜索”法对模型参数进行了优化,试验结果表明,在小样本和“噪音”数据环境下．支持向量机模型仍能保持一定的预测精度,与人工神经网络模型相比,更适应于真实纺纱生产过程．