Effect of chemical treatments of sugar beet fibre on their physico-chemical properties and on their in-vitro fermentation

Chemically treated and dried sugar beet fibres were fermented in vitro in order to study the effects of chemical and physico-chemical parameters of dietary fibre on their colonic fermentation. Sugar beet fibre was treated with dilute alkali, removing mainly acetyl and methyl ester groups, and/or with dilute acids eliminating arabinose, galactose and certain uronic acid residues. The chemical treatments led to an increase in the hydration properties and fermentability by improvement of the accessibility of the remaining polysaccharides. However, if the chemically treated fibres were dried under harsh conditions (100°C), their hydration properties and their fermentability were limited, probably because of structural collapse of the fibre matrix. Whatever the conditions for chemical treatments and drying of the sugar beet fibres, it was possible to predict their fermentability from the water-binding capacity. Because of the relationship between the physiological effects of dietary fibres and the extent to which they are fermented, this result underlines the importance of the physico-chemical characterisation of the fibre in order to acquire a better knowledge of their physiological effects.     

The availability of soluble oxalates in stir‐fried silver beet (Beta vulgaris var. cicla) leaves eaten with yoghurt

Silver beet (Beta vulgaris var. cicla) leaves contain oxalates, and the addition of yoghurt, a food rich in calcium, to stir‐fried leaves was investigated as a way of reducing the soluble oxalate content. Fourteen participants ingested 115 g stir‐fried silver beet leaves with or without standard yoghurt and low‐fat yoghurt, respectively. Stir‐fried silver beet leaves contained 209.1 ± 0.1 mg of total oxalates per meal fresh weight (FW) and 109.2 ± 0.1 mg of soluble oxalates per meal FW. The proportion of soluble oxalates was reduced from 52% to a mean of 30% of the total oxalates when standard yoghurt or low‐fat yoghurt was added. The mean absorption of oxalate was determined by measuring the output of oxalate in the urine over a 6‐h period following ingestion of the meals. The mean absorption of oxalate from stir‐fried silver beet leaves was 2.41%, which reduced to 1.10% and 0.89% when consumed with standard yoghurt and low‐fat yoghurt, respectively.     

甜菜与BNYVV互作过程中PR基因的诱导表达

以抗病性不同的4个甜菜品种为材料,分别接种BNYVV,研究甜菜与BNYVV互作过程中几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性和诱导几丁质酶、β—1,3-葡聚糖酶基因表达及其与抗丛根病的关系。结果表明：BNYVV不同程度地诱导了4个甜菜品种几丁质酶、β—1,3-葡聚糖酶活性的提高,抗病品种比感病品种具有较高的几丁质酶和β—1,3-葡聚糖酶活性,并且抗病品种的酶活性高峰出现的时间早于感病品种;抗病品种的几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因的表达均早于感病品种,表达量大于感病品种,且持续的时间较感病品种长。BNYVV不同程度地诱导甜菜病程相关蛋白基因的表达,从而有效激活了甜菜抗病防御反应系统,提高了甜菜抗病性。     

甜菜果胶制备藻油乳化液及其稳定性研究

藻油富含对人体非常重要的多不饱和脂肪酸DHA（二十二碳六烯酸）,但其极易被光、热和氧等因素诱使发生氧化反应。防止氧化反应发生,制备成稳定的油／水乳化液将其包埋成为其在食品中应用的关键问题。本研究采用甜菜果胶为乳化剂对其进行乳化包埋,研究了乳化条件如乳化剂量、油水比率、pH和均质条件对乳化液稳定性的影响。结果表明,最适的乳化条件为：乳化剂添加量在2．5％以上,油水比1：10,pH〉5,35MPa压力下均质3个循环得到比较稳定的乳化液。     

甜菜苗期干旱胁迫诱导差异表达cDNA的研究

为挖掘甜菜自身抗逆资源,明确甜菜抗逆分子机理,创新甜菜种质,采用模拟干旱条件方法对甜菜幼苗进行处理,同时设对照。提取甜菜叶片总RNA,经反转录成eDNA,筛选合适的锚定引物和随机引物,琼脂糖凝胶电泳、丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析mRNA的差异表达。结果表明：干旱条件下,甜菜部分eDNA出现差异表达情况,共有差异片段10条,其中表现为上调的4条,表现为下调的2条,新增条带4条。回收差异片段,Northern杂交验证,得到阳性差异基因片段4条。本研究结果有助于阐明甜菜抗逆调控的分子机理,为进一步培育抗旱新品种提供理论基础。     

甜菜红色素的稳定性探讨

采用紫外可见光谱法对甜菜红色素的稳定性进行研究,探讨了pH、温度、时间和金属离子对甜菜红色素吸收光谱的影响,分析了甜菜红色素降解的原因。结果表明：甜菜红色素的稳定性较差,随着pH的增加、温度的升高、时间的延长,甜菜红色素的降解程度均逐渐增大。     

制糖废水厌氧发酵制氢技术研究进展

归纳了厌氧发酵生物制氢的产氢机理、主要途径及影响因素,重点阐述了制糖废水的研究现状和发展趋势.通过分析制糖废水的处理研究进展,可知目前的处理主要集中在厌氧发酵制氢工艺并且取得了良好的成果,对开展后续研究有一定的指导意义,为生物制氢技术实现工业化奠定了基础.但仍存在一些问题和困难,并提出了一些解决策略.     

甜菜叶片表型与其产质量的关系

甜菜生产用种主要依靠进口,来源不同的品种表型各异,甜菜高产高糖的表型特征,是育种和栽培管理最直观和简捷的指标.本研究利用丰产和高糖两种类型的2对甜菜品种为材料,通过连续两年对不同类型甜菜营养生长期叶片的形态指标进行比较,分析各指标与甜菜产量和含糖的关系.研究结果表明,丰产型甜菜品种在整个生育期的叶片长度和生育前期叶面积...     

基于VNTR技术的食用红甜菜不育系的选育

甜菜在世界糖料作物中占有重要地位,为选育提高育种效率,符合人们期望性状的优良品系,增加甜菜糖产量,分子辅助育种越来越被育种家们重视。而对于受到细胞质基因和细胞核基因控制甜菜雄性不育性的分子标记研究是近年来取得了较大突破。本实验是以食用红甜菜(工大食甜1号)为实验材料,利用数目可变的串联重复序列(VNTR)技术对其细胞质和细胞核育性类型进行鉴定,从中选育出了11株不育型甜菜。通过对其田间鉴定表明,选育的11株甜菜不育率稳定,不育率达到100%。     

饲用甜菜杂交种-龙饲甜一号的选育

龙饲甜一号（原代号SM06）是以S204为母本、1208为父本杂交选育的，杂交组合按母本：父本=3：1配制而成。杂交种收获母本植株上的种子。该品种在黑龙江省饲用甜菜品种区域试验中（2004～2005年），两年十点次平均根产量为65．3t／hm^2，比对照品种提高21．6％，其中有四个点次达到显著水平，两个点次达到极显著水平；茎叶产量为21．6t／hm^2，超过对照品种16．1％。该品种中抗甜菜褐斑病和根腐病，耐窖腐病，适宜在我国北方大部分地区种植。