Utilization of cassava peels as substrate for crude protein formation

Mash prepared from cassava peels was inoculated with eitherSacchromyces cerevisiae orCandida tropicalis and then left to ferment for 7 days. Chemical analysis of the fermented mash showed substantial increase in crude protein content and decrease in carbohydrate content of the mash. The results also revealed slight increases in the ash, fibre and lipid content of the fermented mash. It was further observed that, when the mash was supplemented with inorganic nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium sulfate or sodium nitrate) before commencement of fermentation, the amount of crude protein formed was almost doubled. This enhanced crude protein production was highest in the mash supplemented with urea. Temperature of 30 °C, pH of 5.5 and moisture concentration of 130% were found to be optimum for crude protein formation by the organisms growing on the mash.     

不同间作绿肥替代化肥模式对木薯性状和产量的影响

通过探讨秸秆还田与化肥减施下间作绿肥对木薯产量性状的影响,着力解决连作木薯土壤肥力提高与改良相关技术的协调增效。于2019-2020年,以木薯品种“南美1号”为供试材料,设置8个处理,调查每个小区的木薯茎径、叶绿素（SPAD）、块根直径、块根长、单株茎秆鲜重、单株块根鲜重、株高、单片叶重、单株块根数以及小区产量等农艺性状。结果表明,处理5（木薯秆还田+化肥减量12.5%+12.5%营养元素当量黑豆绿肥还田）的木薯产量最高,并得到拟合方程。绿肥秸秆还田以及间作绿肥从整体上改良了土壤肥力,并通过显著影响木薯块根、单片叶重以及单株块根数而影响最终产量。     

木薯渣与甜菜颗粒粕组合效应对奶牛瘤胃发酵特性的影响

本试验旨在通过体外产气法研究木薯渣与甜菜颗粒粕组合用作泌乳中后期奶牛饲料的可行性及适宜组合比例。试验设计7个处理:木薯渣分别以0%(对照组)、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%和30%与甜菜颗粒粕(风干物质基础)组合,使用AGRS-Ⅲ型微生物发酵产气系统进行体外瘤胃微生物发酵试验,监测体外培养3、6、12、24、48h后的发酵液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)、微生物蛋白(MCP)含量和体外培养48h后干物质消失率(IVDMD)、累积产气量(GP)及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量等指标。结果表明:体外培养48 h后,GP和底物的最大降解率(RmaxS)随木薯渣占比增加呈线性或二次增加(P<0.05);发酵液各VFA和TVFA含量均随木薯渣占比增加呈线性或二次降低(P<0.05);根据多项组合效应值,以0%组为对照时,5%组和10%组表现为正组合效应,其余组合均表现为负组合效应。在本试验条件下,当木薯渣与甜菜颗粒粕组合使用,且木薯渣为5%~10%较为适宜,但此结果仍需奶牛饲养试验进一步验证。     

木薯渣发酵饲料及其发酵工艺与应用

文章旨在研究木薯渣发酵饲料及其发酵工艺与应用。将木薯渣、玉米面、豆粕、玉米皮、麸皮按照质量比50∶5∶10∶10∶25的比例混合,然后将乳酸菌和酵母菌按比例与一定量的水混合,再与木薯渣饲料混匀,装入带有呼吸阀的发酵袋中,密封,室温条件下发酵4 d即生产得到木薯渣发酵饲料。结果表明：乳酸菌和酵母菌混合比例为1∶2,接种量为0.1%,水分为40%～45%时,木薯渣发酵饲料pH<4.5,酸溶蛋白和总酸含量明显增加,具有明显的酸香气味,可提高适口性;可抑制霉菌生长,确保产品安全性;还可提高饲料的营养水平和猪只消化率,提高饲料利用率;提高猪只生产性能,降低圈舍氨气浓度,改善舍内环境;同时还为木薯渣资源化利用提供良好的前提条件。     

云大-120浸种对木薯种茎发芽及某些生理生化特性的影响

本试验对云大-120浸种对木薯种茎发芽及某些生理生化特性的影响进行研究.结果表明,用云大-120 2000～4000倍液浸种,均可促进木薯种茎根芽萌发,提高发芽势和发芽率;促进种茎淀粉水解,提高种茎可溶性含量:增强抗坏血酸氧化酶的活性;提高幼苗呼吸强度;促进幼苗根系发育,增强根系活力;促进叶绿素形成,提高幼苗叶片叶绿素含量.不同浓度的云大-120溶液浸种的作用效果有明显差异,其中以3 000倍液浸种效果最好.     

木薯新品种(系)在云南的适应性比较研究

以华南205(SC205)为对照品种,研究比较F44、F50、G56等22个木薯品种(系)在云南的适应性。结果表明:单株茎叶鲜重为1.8~11.4 kg,最重的是F81,与F50、哥伦比亚18R、F114等品种系差异极显著;最轻的是GR3,与F44、SC5、新选048等品种(系)差异极显著,与SC205、F50、F114、哥伦比亚18R差异显著;每株鲜薯条数为7.6~17.5条,最多是SC8,比SC205(对照)增加53.5%,而最少的是F108;小区鲜薯重为40.0~100.3 kg,最重为新选048,比SC205(对照)增加70.1%,比鲜薯重最轻的SC5显著高产,与其它品种产量差异不显著,且SC5小区鲜薯重比SC205(对照)减产36.2%。综上所述,综合性状相对适合在云南种植的为SC8、GR3、GR4、新选048、GR024-1、GR024-2、F106、哥伦比亚18R、F114、G37、F44、G30、F100、F539共14个品种(系)。     

Live fences in Ségou, Mali : an evaluation by their early users

Market-oriented production of gardening crops and cassava (Manihot utilissima) in the dry season is an increasingly frequent practice in Ségou, Mali. Traditionally, these crops are protected from roaming livestock with the help of dead fences. In order to provide a sustainable alternative to dead fences, the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) began promoting the use of live fences, living trees planted closely together around a field plot. This study was conducted with the first farmers to use these live fences. These farmers expressed satisfaction with the protection offered by the trees and their ability to provide a variety of medicinal, economic, and food products. The form of land tenure, the social status of farmers within their families, and the availability of labour seem to be important factors in the decision to test the live fence. This raises questions about the accessibility of this technique and its possible contribution to the social and economic differentiation of its users. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

木薯试管微型薯与田间块根的结构发育比较

以华南8号木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz cv.South China 8)无菌苗嫩茎为材料,采用植物组织培养方法获得试管微型薯,利用组织解剖学及组织化学方法研究木薯试管微块根(微型薯)的形态结构发育以及田间木薯块根形态结构发育,结果表明:木薯在组培条件下形成的微型薯没有次生结构的分化,微型薯的膨大在结构上表现为初生根皮层细胞体积的增大以及细胞间隙的增加。而田间块根的膨大在结构上表现为次生结构的产生以及大量淀粉的积累;组培微型薯和田间块根淀粉积累相比,存在时间上和空间上的差异,早期生长的微型薯没有淀粉的积累,生长5~10 d后在皮层薄壁细胞可见淀粉粒分布。而田间生长的木薯块根的淀粉是在初生根产生次生结构后就开始积累,淀粉主要积累在次生木质部,少部分分布于皮层薄壁细胞和韧皮部。     

Effects of Powder Ridge Cultivation on Growth and Yield of Hunan Cassava

[Objective] The aim was to explore a suitable cultivation approach for cas- sava in Hunan province. [Method] With SC9 （Southern China 9） as test materials, the test included four treatment methods, as follows： control group by traditional cultivation with crops uncovered （CK）, treatment 1 by traditional cultivation with mulch coverage, treatment 2 by powder ridge cultivation with crops uncovered, and treatment 3 by powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage. Water and fertilizer managements were kept the same. [Result] Compared with traditional cultivation （CK）, the treatment by powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage performed bet- ter. Specifically, yield per unit area reached 44 790 kg/hm2, increasing by 86.38% （20 760 kg/hm2） than that of control; starch content grew by 17.24%. The cultivation method considerably improved cassava yield and quality. [Conclusion] Powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage is a cultivation approach suitable for cassava in Hu- nan province.