Blockchain in Additive Manufacturing and its Impact on Supply Chains

Additive manufacturing (AM) appears to be a particularly attractive use case for blockchain. This research combines inductive in‐depth interviews with the Delphi method to explore what potentials blockchain technology in AM creates, which adoption barriers firms need to overcome, and how supply chains will be affected by the integration of these two potentially disruptive technologies. The results suggest opportunities that are related to intellectual property (IP) rights management, the monitoring of printed parts throughout their lifecycle, process improvements, and data security. The most important barriers for blockchain adoption in AM are an absence of blockchain‐skilled specialists on the labor market, missing governance mechanisms, and a lack of firm‐internal technical expertise. By addressing important limitations of AM, blockchain is expected to improve the competitiveness of AM in parts’ production, catalyzing the trend toward more decentralized manufacturing resulting in more agile, resilient, and flexible supply chains and reduced logistics costs. Beyond that, blockchain‐based AM platforms are expected to enhance supply chain visibility, drive supply chain digitalization, support supply chain finance, and contribute to the emergence of shared factory systems.     

Some issues in blockchain for accounting and the supply chain,with an application of distributed databases to virtual organizations

This paper reviews some recent blockchain‐based applications for information capture, distribution and preservation. As part of that review, this paper examines two key concerns with current blockchain designs for accounting and supply chain transactions: data independence and multiple semantic models for the same information distribution problem. Blockchain applications typically integrate database, application and presentation tiers all in the same ledger. This results in a general inability to query information in the ledger and other concerns. Further, since most applications appear to be private blockchain applications, there is a concern of agents needing to accommodate multiple blockchains depending on who their trading partners are and what they request. Finally, this paper uses a distributed database to design a ‘blockchain‐like’ system for virtual organizations.     

区块链技术在科技统计中的应用

区块链技术的快速发展以及其技术自身的去中心化、高稳定性、高可信性等技术特征为科技统计带来了新的应用机遇。本文创造性的针对区块链技术在科技统计中的发展应用进行研究,分析了区块链技术在统计系统场景中实现数据安全、数据真实、数据可追溯有效契合的技术优势。应合理布局并支持区块链技术发展,制定完善区块链技术和应用相关政策,大力培养区块链技术应用人才,推进区块链技术与科技统计深度融合,提高科技统计工作效率。     

基于以太坊的区块链金融数据安全研究与应用——以保理融资问题为例

近年来，伴随着金融信息化的浪潮，金融业务活动中产生了海量的金融数据，其中许多不乏与金融消费者个人安全甚至国家安全息息相关的数据。结合我国现有的金融数据安全问题以及传统保理融资模式存在的不足，基于以太坊区块链技术，运用文献搜集法和理论剖析法，创建一个基于以太坊的保理融资（含合约拍卖）模型并根据其消息传输图设计对应算法。最后，运用在线集成开发环境RemixIDE和智能合约高级语言Solidity对合约拍卖算法进行实现，并综合分析所构建模型的有效性和适用度。     

区块链技术与海产品供应链耦合机理分析

随着信息技术的创新发展,区块链技术及其应用的地位愈发重要。在研究区块链技术演进和类型的基础上,剖析了区块链和海产品供应链的耦合机理,重构了基于区块链技术的海产品供应链管理平台架构,再造了海产品供应链交易运作流程。     

基于区块链技术的旅游地低碳发展模式构建

旅游地是推进旅游业低碳化发展的重要实践主体,但长期面临旅游企业、旅游者低碳生产与消费内在动力不足,低碳发展长效落实机制缺乏,监督管理成本过高等问题。提升旅游地低碳发展系统协同效率,推动低碳发展措施高效实施是实现旅游业高质量发展的迫切议题。本研究以区块链技术为支撑,以低碳信息共享为基础,基于供需协同、低碳优先、共同参与、可持续性、系统性5项原则,尝试构建以旅游企业、旅游者、第三方评估机构、政府部门、社区居民五大利益相关者为主体,以低碳信息共享、低碳发展激励、低碳发展规制、低碳发展补偿4项区块链平台运行机制为支持的旅游地低碳发展模式,通过正向激励机制、反向规制机制、补偿机制推动低碳"信息互联网"向"价值互联网"转变,为旅游地低碳发展提供技术支撑。同时,本研究意图突破传统低碳旅游研究局限,拓展可持续旅游分析视角。     

区块链助力生鲜电商供应链协同发展

随着国家政策对农业电商的支持,生鲜电商供应链协同发展成为社会关注的焦点。文章首先明确提出了现阶段生鲜电商供应链系统存在的四大困境:(1)生鲜农产品供应链对物流要求较高;(2)产品成本高;(3)交易纠纷难以处理,无核心盈利模式;(4)用户习惯线下,信任度低。然后熟悉区块链技术的应用模式,从区块链+商流、物流、资金流、信息流四个方面提出具体的解决路径,从本质上解决了生鲜电商供应链系统中的隐私安全保护、信息可溯性、交易合规性、数据真实性和流程处理效率等问题,直击生鲜电商供应链管理困境,有效协助生鲜电商实现全面协同发展。最后说明区块链技术对生鲜电商供应链协同发展的实际价值。     

基于区块链技术的供应链管理体系构建

针对现存供应链管理中存在的问题,结合区块链技术去中心化、可验证性、安全开放性等特点,提出了在供应链管理过程中通过引入区块链技术,设计了基于区块链的供应链管理体系架构和运作流程,采用去中心化的供应链管理模式,让更多的供应链节点企业参与进来,提高供应链各环节信息的透明度,重塑信用机制,建立互信共赢的供应链管理体系。     

Blockchain for tracking serial numbers in money exchanges

Money exchange is one of the most common day‐to‐day activities performed by humans in the daily market. This paper presents an approach to money tracking through a blockchain. The proposed approach consists of three main components: serial number localization, serial number recognition, and a blockchain to store all transactions and ownership transfers. The approach was tested with a total of 110 banknotes of different currency types and achieved an average accuracy of 91.17%. We conducted a user study in real‐time with 21 users, and the mean accuracy across all users was 86.42%. Each user gave us feedback on the proposed approach, and most of them welcomed the idea.     

基于区块链技术的建筑材料供应链质量数据安全共享方法

传统方法在建筑材料供应链质量数据安全共享中应用效果不佳，不仅数据误码率比较高，而且数据共享时延比较长，无法达到预期的数据安全共享效果。为此提出基于区块链技术的建筑材料供应链质量数据安全共享方法。利用区块链技术对建筑材料供应链质量数据属性加密，建立建筑材料供应链质量数据安全共享链，整合建筑材料供应链质量数据加密、解密程序，通过对用户身份验证实现对质量数据安全共享，以此完成基于区块链技术的建筑材料供应链质量数据安全共享。实验证明，设计方法的数据误码率在1%以内，数据共享时延在1s以内，具有良好的数据安全共享效果。