The use of neoadjuvant lobar radioembolization prior to major hepatic resection for malignancy results in a low rate of post hepatectomy liver failure

BackgroundNeoadjuvant yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is increasingly being used as a strategy to facilitate resection of otherwise unresectable tumors due to its ability to generate both tumor response and remnant liver hypertrophy. Perioperative outcomes after the use of neoadjuvant lobar TARE remain underinvestigated.MethodsA single center retrospective review of patients who underwent lobar TARE prior to major hepatectomy for primary or metastatic liver cancer between 2007 and 2018 was conducted. Baseline demographics, radioembolization parameters, pre- and post-radioembolization volumetrics, intra-operative surgical data, adverse events, and post-operative outcomes were analyzed.ResultsTwenty-six patients underwent major hepatectomy after neoadjuvant lobar TARE. The mean age was 58.3 years (17–88 years). 62% of patients (n=16) had primary liver malignancies while the remainder had metastatic disease. Liver resection included right hepatectomy or trisegmentectomy, left or extended left hepatectomy, and sectorectomy/segmentectomy in 77% (n=20), 8% (n=2), and 15% (n=4) of patients, respectively. The mean length of stay was 8.3 days (range, 3–33 days) and there were no grade IV morbidities or 90-day mortalities. The incidence of post hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) was 3.8% (n=1). The median time to progression after resection was 4.5 months (range, 3.3–10 months). Twenty-three percent (n=6) of patients had no recurrence. The median survival was 28.9 months (range, 16.9–46.8 months) from major hepatectomy and 37.6 months (range, 25.2–53.1 months) from TARE.ConclusionsMajor hepatectomy after neoadjuvant lobar radioembolization is safe with a low incidence of PHLF.     

Five-Year Outcome After Epilepsy Surgery in Nonmonitored and Monitored Surgical Candidates

Summary: Purpose : We wished to compare outcome 5 years after temporal lobectomy in 28 patients selected for surgery on the basis of interictal EEG patterns with that in 46 patients who underwent EEG-video monitoring studies as part of their preoperative evaluation during the same era.
Methods : The 28 nonmonitored patients had interictal EEG patterns that demonstrated a consistent, unilateral, anterior-midtemporal epileptiform focus, without discordant findings from other studies. Outcomes were assessed for years 4 and 5 after operation.
Results : Twenty-six of 28 (92.9%) nonmonitored patients were seizure-free or had at least 75% reduction in seizures. Twenty-nine of 46 (63.0%) monitored patients were seizure-free or had at least 75% reduction in seizures. Preoperative interictal EEGs of 29 of these patients showed independently localized bitemporal, ex-tratemporal, midposterior temporal, or diffuse epileptiform patterns. The remaining 17 monitored patients had preoperative strictly unilateral anterior-midtemporal interictal discharges, and their outcome was comparable to the nonmonitored group, with 15 (88.8%) seizure-free or with at least 75% reduction in seizures.
Conclusions : A proportion of candidates for epilepsy surgery can be selected without ictal recordings provided that interictal EEGs demonstrate consistent unilateral anterior-midtemporal epileptiform discharges and that other data are not discordant.     

Ictal brain imaging in presurgical evaluation of patients with medically intractable complex partial seizures

At the Indiana University Medical Center, 99 patients with medically intractable complex partial seizures (MI-CPS) had presurgical evaluation with subsequent anterior temporal lobectomy. The majority of the patients had single photon emission tomography (SPECT) performed interictally as well as during an actual epileptic seizure (ictal scan). Decreased regional cerebral perfusion (rCP) was seen in 54/94 (57%) of the interictal scans corresponding to the eventual site of the surgery. However, ictal scans provided a higher yield; increased rCP in the temporal lobe during an actual seizure was observed in 60/82 (73%) concordant to the side of surgery. SPECT is a useful, noninvasive method of localizing the epilepti-form focus in patients with MI-CPS considered for resective surgery. Both interictal and ictal SPECT need to be performed; combined interictal hypo-perfusion and ictal hyperperfusion in the same focal area are unique to epileptogenic lesions. Ictal SPECT studies can be performed in the majority of patients during the period of continuous video/EEG monitoring with only a little additional effort. Combining the results of functional brain imaging (interictal and ictal SPECT, PET) with clinical semiology of seizures, surface and sphenoidal EEG, magnetic resonance imaging and other non-invasive tests, anterior temporal lobectomy can be recommended in approximately two-thirds of the patients without resorting to potentially dangerous intracranial EEG monitoring.     

电视胸腔镜辅助胸壁小切口肺叶切除术

目的比较电视胸腔镜辅助胸壁小切口与胸部单纯小切口肺叶切除术的临床效果. 方法 64例按手术先后顺序编号,按照随机数字表分为2组,电视胸腔镜辅助胸壁小切口(A组)和单纯小切口开胸手术(B组)进行肺叶切除术. 结果 A组切口长度(5.3±0.6)cm比 B组(8.9±0.5)cm显著缩短(t=-24.360,P=0.000);A组术中出血量(279.7±74.0)ml显著少于B组(331.7±42.5)ml(t=-3.330,P=0.002);A组手术当日引流量(162.5±47.4)ml显著少于B组(202.0±49.2)ml(t=-3.220,P=0.002);A组并发症5例,B组11例(χ2=4.099,P=0.043);A组术后住院(8.0±2.2)d显著短于B组(9.7±1.9)d(t=-3.280,P=0.002);2组手术时间无统计学差异(t=-1.130,P=0.262).57例随访6～12个月,术后6个月A组1例Ⅲa期鳞癌局部复发,B组2例Ⅲa期小细胞肺癌、1例腺癌术后7～8个月远处转移、局部复发,上述4例均于1年内死亡.3例死于与手术无关的其他疾病,余50例无局部复发、远处转移. 结论电视胸腔镜辅助胸壁小切口比单纯微创小切口进行肺叶切除术创伤小、并发症少、恢复快.     

A VATS lobectomy for lung cancer in a patient with an anomalous pulmonary vein: Report of a case

A video-assisted right upper lobectomy was successfully performed on a 58-year-old man with an anomalnous segmental pulmonary vein. The tumor was a peripherally located adenocarcinoma. The anomalous vein behind the right main bronchus was identified and safely divided. This case emphasized that to perform this procedure successfully, (1) a careful preoperative evaluation of the anatomy, including the presence of any possible vascular and/or bronchial anomalies, is necessary, and (2) if any anatomical structures cannot be determined intraoperatively, a conversion into an open procedure must immediately be undertaken.     

Ⅰ、Ⅱ级肝门区域阻断肝叶(段)切除的初步体会

目的 总结区域阻断肝叶、肝段的入肝血管分支,施行各种类型肝切除的经验.方法 回顾性分析2006年～2007年间湖南省人民医院肝胆科行肝门区域血管阻断肝部分切除的319例临床资料.左肝外叶切除127例,左半肝切除(含Ⅰ段切除)89例,右肝前叶切除15例,右肝后叶切除34例,右半肝切除(含Ⅸ段切除)32例,肝血管瘤剥除/肝局部切除19例,肝囊肿剥除/肝局部切除3例.结果 全组无手术死亡,失血量平均(70±15)mL,术后5～7 d复查肝功能无明显损害,未出现肝坏死、胆漏、出血等并发症.结论 区域血管阻断肝叶(段)切除避免了保留肝叶的缺血再灌注损伤,使手术从容不迫的进行,减少了大量失血及肝功能衰竭的发生,是一种安全、有效的切肝手术方法.     

肝胆管结石并高位胆管狭窄的外科治疗

治疗肝胆管结石并高位胆管狭窄７４例。术中通过高位胆管的充分暴露，１～３级胆管切开整形、肝切除的正确应用，纤维胆道镜检及取石，大口胆肠内引流等多种手术的联合使用，提高了手术疗效，降低了残石率．认为术前详细的路道影像学检查、对手术难度的充分预测、术式的正确选择等非常重要．强调术中病肝切除的重要性．     

Postoperative thyroid hormone supplementation rates following thyroid lobectomy

BackgroundThyroid lobectomy is performed for symptomatic benign nodules, indeterminate nodules, or low-risk well differentiated thyroid cancer. We aimed to determine factors associated with thyroid stimulating hormone over goal (TH) following lobectomy.MethodsWe performed a retrospective single-institution cohort study of patients undergoing thyroid lobectomy from January 2016 to December 2017. TH was defined as need for thyroid hormone in accordance with guidelines. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsOne hundred patients were included and 47% developed.TH73% of those with cancer, 38% with benign pathology (p = 0.002). Patients with TH were more likely to have thyroiditis 26% versus 3.8% (p = 0.002); higher preoperativeTSHmean 1.88mIU/L (SD 1.17) versus 1.16mIU/L (SD 0.77) (p = 0.0002), and smaller remnant thyroid lobe adjusted for body surface area 2.99ml/m2 versus 3.72ml/m2 (p = 0.003).ConclusionsAfter thyroid lobectomy, TH is associated with preoperative TSH level, thyroiditis, remnant thyroid volume, and malignancy. The majority of patients with final pathology of carcinoma will require thyroid hormone supplementation to achieve TSH goal.     

Resecciones pulmonares anatómicas por vía robótica: análisis de la curva de aprendizaje

IntroductionRobotic surgery has become a safe and effective approach for the treatment of pulmonary surgical pathology. However, the adoption of new surgical techniques requires the evaluation of the learning curve. The objective of this study is to analyze the learning curve of robotic anatomical lung resections.MethodsRetrospective analysis of all robotic anatomical lung resections performed by the same surgeon between June 2018 and March 2020. The learning curve was evaluated using CUSUM charts to estimate trend changes in surgical time, surgical failure and the occurrence of post-operative cardiorespiratory complications throughout the sequence of cases.ResultsThe study included a total of 73 cases. The median duration of all complications was 120 min (interquartile range: 90-150 min), the prevalence of surgical failure was 23.29%, while 4/73 patients had any postoperative cardiorespiratory complication. Based on the CUSUM analysis, the learning curve was divided into 3 different phases: phase i (from the first to the 14th intervention), phase ii (between the 15th and 30th intervention) and phase iii (from the 31st intervention).ConclusionsThe learning curve for robotic anatomical lung resections can be divided into 3 phases. The technical competence that guarantees satisfactory perioperative outcomes was achived in phase iii from the 31st intervention.     

电视胸腔镜解剖学肺叶切除20例

目的 探讨电视胸腔镜（ＶＡＴＳ）辅助小切口解剖学肺叶切除术的手术式和手术指征,尤其对肺癌的手术。方法 应用ＶＡＴＸＳ辅助小切口中小学肺叶切除手术２０例,手术通过胸前外侧７ｃｍ左右辅助小切口,ＶＡＴＳ专用器械和常规开胸器械联合使用。２０例肺叶切除共用缝合切割器（ＥＮＤＯＰＡＴＨ）钉仑４４只,肺癌病人通过小切口均作了肺门及纵隔淋巴结摘除。３例术中因胸膜腔粘连肺裂不完整和门血管粘连出血处理困难,将辅助小