The history of ideas of Nordic midwives’ excursions from the early 19th century to the millennium

The midwifery art has emphasised the uniqueness of human beings throughout its Nordic history. The educated Nordic midwife has in the last decade celebrated several hundred years of memories. This article studies how the key ideas of the midwifery art and patterns of ideas become evident in the zeitgeist from the beginning of the 19th century to the millennium in the Nordic countries. The legacy and pattern of ideas of the art of midwifery are interpreted in relation to the texts of the selected historical sources and based on Ricoeur's phenomenological-hermeneutic approach to the text and further to the dedication of understanding and interpretation. The historical sources refer to unprinted primary sources from historical archives and printed secondary and tertiary sources. The patterns of ideas include a tripartite whole: the true cultivation of the head, the philosophy and aesthetics of the hand, the strength of the heart and the drive of calling. These ideas open for unique visions and attest to the evident in modern midwives. Today's midwives have academic training with examinations, and the education is based on scientific evidence. The midwife profession is authorised by the state and supervised by the authorities.     

护理本科生关爱能力调查分析

目的了解护理本科生关爱能力现状,为护理本科生关爱能力的培养提供依据。方法采用关爱能力评价表,对四川省4所医学院校579名护理本科生关爱能力进行问卷调查。结果护理本科生关爱能力评分为189.72±19.57,在各维度中耐心维度得分最高,勇气维度得分最低;不同性别、民族、是否独生子女关爱能力比较,差异无显著性意义（均P〉0.05）;四年级护理本科生关爱能力评分显著高于二、三年级（均P〈0.05）。结论护理本科生关爱能力仍需提高,建议从实践关爱和课程设置等方面提高护理本科生的关爱能力。     

Paradigms for mental health nursing: fragmentation or integration?

Debate about the best paradigm for mental health nursing is compounded by threats from mainstreaming and genericism. In nursing education, integrated practice may have been devalued in a matrix of reductionist disciplines. The 'gendered' nature of professional knowledge may create a schismatic and self-defeating attitude in nurses. Conversely, nurses may be exhorted to adopt a 'male' paradigm in order to gain academic credibility, in which the caring dimension may be lost. Other polarities such as ideological distinctions between treatment in hospital and care in the community lead to conceptual confusion. These schisms in care are detrimental to both professionals and users. The writers argue that these tensions may be addressed in an 'androgenous' model which presents a challenge to both value systems, rejects the dominance of schismatic models, and offers the potential for a new professional integrity.     

Caring and cancer nursing: framing the reality using selected social science theory

Caring and cancer nursing: framing the reality using selected social science theory Despite the recent interest in caring for both academic and clinical nursing, the theoretical basis of this concept may appear somewhat elusive as the research and debate vary widely in their focus. As a result, the available literature may fail to consider the specific contextual issues which characterize caring as it is understood across different health care settings. Consideration of theory from disciplines close to nursing, it is suggested, may be useful in understanding the nature of such 'real world' caring. In this discussion the concept of caring within cancer nursing is explored by drawing on a number of social science and nursing sources. It is known that cancer provokes unique caring demands for nurses practising in this area. By examining the context of cancer, it is argued that effective caring deserves to be recognized as an important clinical variable which can influence a diverse range of issues such as patient satisfaction or therapeutic outcome. It is suggested that other nursing specialisms should also explore the psychosocial dimensions of caring in relation to their own role.     

康复期精神分裂症患者家庭关怀度的初步分析

目的:探讨康复期精神分裂症患者的家庭关怀状况。方法:随机选择50例康复期精神分裂症患者自评家庭关怀度指数(AP-GAR)问卷。结果:将APGAR问卷中每条目发生程度分为低、中、高的三个等级后,康复期精神分裂症患者的适应度各等级所占比例分别为8%、56%、36%;合作度为4%、40%、56%;成长度为6%、52%、42%;情感度为4%、48%、48%;亲密度为0、38%、62%;总分为0、24%、76%。结论:康复期精神分裂症患者家庭关怀度主要以不稳定的情感度、中等程度的适应度和成长度、良好的合作度和亲密度为特点,其家庭功能基本良好。建议应围绕如何提高患者的适应度、合作度、成长度、情感度、亲密度等问题拟定相应的治疗计划,尽最大可能地恢复患者的社会功能。     

急性颅脑损伤患者院前急救与护理效果分析

目的研究急性颅脑外伤患者的院前急救及护理方法。方法采用病例对照研究的方法，对院前急救组与对照组进行比较，分析死亡率及预后情况。结果对照组院前死亡率为13．26％，而急救组仅为4．67％，二者比较差异存在统计学意义（X^2=4．72，P〈0．05）；急救组的恢复情况明显好于对照组，二者比较差异存在统计学意义（X^2=5．00，P〈0．05）。结论院前急救和护理对提高急性颅脑损伤患者的治疗和康复具有重要意义。