国人颅骨颌型的研究

本文测量了180例干燥颅骨的总面角、鼻面角和齿槽面角三项角度项目;分析了颅骨在性别和年龄上的颌型差异;探讨了颅骨发育中的某些变化趋势。本文的部分数据同其它文献作了比较     

前颌中缝牵张修复牙槽裂的实验研究

目的　探索用缝牵张成骨技术以组织再生的原理修复牙槽裂。方法　采用犬牙槽裂模型 ,牙槽裂形成术后 2周 ,于前颌中缝处安置缝牵张器 ,外张力 2 0 0g。牵张 2～ 3周 ,裂隙侧的前颌骨向侧方移动贴紧远中裂缘 ,用局部黏骨膜瓣修复牙槽裂隙。保持 2周后去除缝牵张器。临床观察、连续X线、头颅干骨和组织学检查评价治疗结果。结果　所有对照动物形成规则的牙槽裂 ,无自发骨性愈合。前颌中缝牵张后 ,裂隙侧前颌缓慢向裂侧上颌靠拢 ,2～ 3周与远中裂缘密切贴合。X线片示前颌中缝呈现由窄渐宽的三角形 ,三角形的尖端指向后方 ,三角区域的骨密度逐渐增加。骨膜成形术后 3个月 ,原牙槽嵴缺损处骨质连续性完全恢复 ,且牙槽骨段在三维方向上均与对侧相同。前颌中缝恢复正常直线形态。结论　该牙槽裂模型稳定性和重复性好 ;前颌中缝牵张诱导缝区新骨形成 ,一侧前颌向裂隙移位和局部骨膜成形可达到完善的牙槽裂修复。     

伴有齿槽嵴裂的单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的修复

目的探讨伴有齿槽嵴裂的单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的修复方法。方法对34例伴有齿槽嵴裂的单侧唇裂术后继发畸形的患者,在行齿槽嵴植骨的同时,行彻底的鼻整形手术。结果术后随访1~3年,植骨区成活良好,鼻畸形较整形前明显改善,接近正常外形,效果满意。结论在行齿槽嵴植骨的同时,行彻底的鼻整形手术,能够取得满意的效果,并且节省了医疗费用,缩短了治疗时间。     

Intracranial alveolar echinococcosis: CT and MRI

Intracranial alveolar echinococcosis is uncommon. We report a patient with right frontal lobe and palpebral lesions secondary to a primary hepatic focus with secondary lesion in the lung. The intracranial and palpebral cystic masses were totally removed and both proved to be alveolar hydatid cysts. An unusual feature in this case is CT and MRI demonstration of dural and bony extension.     

Correlation between inflammatory cellular responses and chemotactic activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following intratracheal instillation of nickel sulfate in rats

In a preceding study, we reported that the numbers of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) following the intratracheal instillation of nickel sulfate (NiSO₄) in rats. In the present study, BALF chemotactic activities for both macrophages and PMN were measured to investigate if the increases of these inflammatory cells in BALF depend on increases in chemotactic activities in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the lung. Both the number of PMN and the PMN chemotactic activity peaked at 2 days post-instillation and they were significantly correlated. However, the PMN chemotactic activity was inversely correlated with concentration of leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄), a well-known chemotaxin. Although PMN were not observed in control BALF, LTB₄ concentration in the control ELF (ca. 5×10^–7 M) was estimated to have a potential to attract PMN chemotactically through a membrane in in vitro migration assay. These results suggest that the presence of LTB₄ in ELF itself does not trigger transpulmonary PMN infiltration. The rat BALF were fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and PMN chemotactic activity of each fraction was measured. The elution profiles of PMN chemotactic activity showed that there were at least two different chemotaxins in BALF obtained from the NiSO₄-exposed rats. Macrophage chemotactic activity in BALF also peaked at 2 days post-instillation. However, the number of macrophages was not significantly correlated with the chemotactic activity for macrophage in BALF. The HPLC study showed that the macrophage chemotactic substance in the BALF obtained from NiSO₄-exposed rats was different from complement fragment (C5a) and its MW was estimated to be 10 – 12 kD. Received: 1 December 1993/Accepted: 16 March 1994     

Pathological effects on mice by gambierol, possibly one of the ciguatera toxins

Gambierol was isolated from Gambierdiscus toxicus, which causes ciguatera fish poisoning. The acute toxicological effects induced in mice by synthesized gambierol were studied. The lethal doses were about 80 μg/kg by i.p. and i.v., and 150 μg/kg by p.o. The main injury by this toxin was observed in the lung, and secondary in the heart, resulting in systemic congestion. Another toxic effect was seen in the stomach, inducing hypersecretion and ulceration. With survival from the severe stage during the initial 3 h, recovery was favorable, especially after 4 days. Additional effects were not evident during 1-week post-administration observation.     

几种化合物对石棉诱发肺泡巨噬细胞产生一氧化氮的抑制作用

为了寻求一种适宜的石棉表面改性剂，利用体外细胞培养技术，通过测定培养液中亚硝酸根（ＮＯ－２）含量，观察了茫崖产温石棉对豚鼠肺泡巨噬细胞（ＡＭ）产生一氧化氮（ＮＯ）的诱导作用以及混合稀土、亚硒酸钠、柠檬酸铝对石棉诱发ＡＭ产生ＮＯ的影响。结果显示，温石棉纤维可使培养液中ＮＯ－２浓度升高，并呈明显的剂量反应关系；混合稀土、亚硒酸钠、柠檬酸铝均可抑制石棉诱发ＡＭ产生ＮＯ，而且随上述化合物浓度的升高，抑制作用增强。提示用混合稀土和亚硒酸钠拮抗石棉的致病作用有实际应用的可能。     

唇腭裂的牙槽突裂植骨修复术

牙槽突植骨术是唇腭裂序列治疗的一个组成部分,对于恢复上颌牙弓的完整性,保证上颌牙齿的正常萌出,促进上颌骨的垂直向生长及颌骨的稳定性,矫正患侧鼻底塌陷畸形及修复唇侧口鼻腔瘘均有重大意义。总结了保证手术成功的关键,并认为植骨术前后应接受正畸治疗。8～11岁 X 线片示尖牙根形成2/3为最佳手术时间。     

Secretion of a chemotactic factor for neutrophils and eosinophils by alveolar macrophages from asthmatic patients

The studies presented in this article demonstrate the release of an IgE-dependent chemotactic factor for polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and eosinophils by alveolar macrophages (AMs) from normal subjects (n = 15) and allergic asthmatic patients (n = 15). A 60-minute incubation of normal AMs previously sensitized by 20% nonheated allergic sera with anti-human IgE antibody or the related allergen induced the release of a chemotactic activity (CA) for PMN and eosinophils in culture supernatants. When AMs were obtained from asthmatic patients, direct incubation with anti-IgE or the related allergen induced the same CA, whereas incubation with an unrelated allergen failed to produce CA (neutrophil CA after addition of anti-IgE, 22.5 +/- 3.5 cells per high power field; with related allergen, 15.8 +/- 3.6; with unrelated allergen, 0.7 +/- 1.8; p less than 0.0001). A partial characterization of the neutrophil chemotactic factor was carried out. Enzymatic treatment by trypsin or carboxypeptidase or by heating (56 degrees C for 3 hr) failed to abolish the neutrophil CA. After gel filtration the greater part of the neutrophil CA (80%) was recovered among low-molecular-weight components (300 to 1300 daltons). A preliminary deactivation of PMN by leukotriene B4 suppressed the CA of AM supernatants. These results indicate that IgE-dependent stimulation of AMs produces a neutrophil and eosinophil CA, present in a low-molecular-weight fraction possibly related to leukotrienes, and emphasizes the role of AMs in inflammatory lung processes during allergic asthma.     

Amiloride-blockable Ca2+-activated Na+-permeant channels in the fetal distal lung epithelium

The Na⁺ transport function of alveolar epithelium represents an important mechanism for clearance of fluid in air space at birth. I observed the activity of two types of amiloride-blockable Na⁺-permeant cation channels in the apical membrane of fetal distal lung epithelium cultured on permeable filters for 2 days after harvesting of the cells from Wistar rats of 20 days' gestation (term = 22 days). One type was a nonselective cation (NSC) channel and had a linear current/voltage (I/V) relationship with a single-channel conductance of 26.9 ± 0.8 pS (n = 5). The other type was highly Na⁺ selective (i.e. Na⁺ channel) and had an inwardly rectifyingI/V relationship with a single-channel conductance of 11.8 ± 0.2 pS (n = 5) around resting membrane potential. The NSC channel was more frequently observed (1.37 ± 0.15 per patch membrane;n = 73) than the Na⁺ channel (0.15 ± 0.40 per patch membrane;n = 73). However, the open probability of the NSC channel was smaller than that of the Na⁺ channel. Both types of the channels were activated by cytosolic Ca²⁺, however the sensitivity to cytosolic Ca²⁺ was much higher in the Na⁺ channel than in the NSC channel. Furthermore, both types of the channels were blocked by amiloride or benzamil. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of amiloride or benzamil of the Na⁺ channel was 1–2 M, while that of NSC channel was less than 1 M. Both channels were activated by insulin.