Priorities for content for a short-course on postoperative care relevant for low- and middle-income countries: an e-Delphi process with training facilitators

Most surgical and anaesthetic mortality and morbidity occurs postoperatively, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Various short courses have been developed to improve patient outcomes in low- and middle-income countries, but none specifically to address postoperative care and complications. We aimed to identify key features of a proposed short-course addressing this topic using a Delphi process with low- and middle-income country anaesthesia providers trained as short-course facilitators. An initial questionnaire was co-developed from literature review and exploratory workshops to include 108 potential course features. Features included content; teaching method; appropriate participants; and appropriate faculty. Over three Delphi rounds (panellists numbered 86, 64 and 35 in successive cycles), panellists indicated which features they considered most important. Responses were analysed by geographical regions: Africa, the Americas, south-east Asia and Western Pacific. Ultimately, panellists identified 60, 40 and 54 core features for the proposed course in each region, respectively. There were high levels of consensus within regions on what constituted core course content, but not between regions. All panellists preferred the small group workshop teaching method irrespective of region. All regions considered anaesthetists to be key facilitators, while all agreed that both anaesthetists and operating theatre nurses were key participants. The African and Americas regional panels recommended more multidisciplinary healthcare professionals for participant roles. Faculty from high-income countries were not considered high priority. Our study highlights variability between geographical regions as to which course features were perceived as most locally relevant, supporting regional adaptation of short-course design rather than a one-size-fits-all model.     

Development of a core outcome set for venous leg ulceration (CoreVen) research evaluations (protocol)

BackgroundA venous leg ulcer is a chronic leg wound caused by poor venous blood circulation in the lower limbs. It is a recurring condition causing pain, malodour, reduced mobility, and depression. Randomised controlled trials evaluating treatments for venous leg ulcers provide important evidence to inform clinical decision-making. However, for findings to be useful, outcomes need to be clinically meaningful, consistently reported across trials, and fully reported. Research has identified the large number of outcomes reported in venous leg ulcer trials, impacting both synthesis of results, and clinical decision-making. To address this, a core outcome set will be developed. A core outcome set is an agreed standardised set of outcomes which should be, as a minimum, measured and reported in all trials which evaluate treatment effectiveness for a given indication. A core outcome set has the potential to reduce research waste, improve the utility of RCTs, reduce reporting bias, facilitate treatment comparisons across different sources of evidence and expedite the production of systematic reviews, meta-analyses and evidence-based clinical guidelines.AimThe aim of this project is to develop a core outcome set for research evaluating the effectiveness of interventions for treating venous leg ulceration.MethodsThrough a scoping review of the literature on venous leg ulceration, we will firstly identify a list of candidate outcome domains (broad categories in relation to what is being measured) from randomised controlled trials and qualitative research, and outcomes (specific methods in relation to what is being measured). In two further stages, we will use the resulting lists of outcome domains and outcomes to design two online surveys. A range of stakeholders will be invited to participate in the surveys and they will be asked to indicate which outcome domains and outcomes are most important and should be considered as core in future research reports.     

脉搏波形采集与辅助诊断系统的设计

在分析现有脉搏信号测量技术及其处理方法的基础上，设计了以AT89S52单片机为下位机，PC机为上位机的脉搏信号采集装置。利用Delphi强大的数据库支持特性和Delphi与Matlab混合编程技术，开发了脉搏信号辅助诊断系统。该系统界面友好，操作简单，数据处理能力强，实现了脉搏信号的采集，脉搏波形的实时显示、回放等功能。通过对临床患者脉搏数据的实际采集和处理，验证了该系统的有效性和实用性。     

全科医疗质量评价指标体系的研究

本研究采用改进的Delphi法，经过两轮专家咨询，建立一套合理的全科医疗质量评价指标体系。两轮咨询专家的权威程度较高，其平均值分别为0．7634，0．7378。专家意见的协调系数分别为：0．122，0．231。最终确定全科医疗评价指标体系共有指标146项，其中一级指标4项，二级指标30项，三级指标112项。其中服务内容、服务满意度、效果效益、卫生经济4项一级指标的权重系数分别为0．2416、0．2646、0．2453、0．2485。     

呼吸内科护理质量控制指标构建与应用

目的构建呼吸内科护理质量控制指标,为呼吸内科护理质量评价提供依据。 方法基于文献回顾、小组访谈建立初始指标,邀请来自北京、河南、上海、安徽、山东17家三甲医院的18名专家进行两轮函询筛选指标,经全国护理质量促进联盟专家审议确定最终指标。收集某三甲医院2022年1月-6月指标数据验证资料收集可操作性。结果确定了包含过程指标3项、结果指标2项的呼吸内科护理质量控制指标。两轮专家函询问卷有效回收率均为100％,权威系数分别为0.86、0.87,肯德尔协调系数（Kendall’s W）分别为0.238、0.336。某三甲医院5项呼吸内科护理质量控制指标的分子和分母数据均完整收集。结论构建的呼吸内科护理质量控制指标具有一定可靠性,体现了呼吸内科特点。     

德尔菲法构建学生传染病症状监测质量控制和预警效果评价指标体系

目的 构建学生传染病症状监测质量控制和预警效果评价指标体系,为指导学生传染病症状监测预警工作提供科学依据。方法 在文献查阅基础上,通过两轮德尔菲法专家咨询筛选学生传染病症状监测质量控制和预警效果评价指标,并通过层次分析法和专家评分法确立指标权重,构建指标体系。结果 32位专家两轮咨询的专家积极系数分别为87.5%(28/32)和100.0%(28/28),专家平均权威系数(Cr)为0.792,第二轮咨询专家协调系数为0.245(χ²=459.416,P<0.001),经指标筛选,形成由6项一级指标、19项二级指标和43项三级指标构成的学生传染病症状监测质量控制和预警效果评价指标体系。6项一级指标权重从高到低依次为信息质量(0.2281)、学校管理(0.2123)、疾控管理(0.1927)、预警信息管理(0.1450)、系统维护(0.2)和预警效果评价(0.1108)。结论 本研究建立了学生传染病症状监测质量控制和预警效果评价指标体系,本体系专家积极程度和权威程度较高,意见趋于一致,可为国内学生传染病症状监测工作提供参考。     

新冠肺炎疑似或确诊轻症病例医学隔离管理风险评估表的构建

目的构建新冠肺炎疑似或确诊轻症病例医学隔离管理风险评估表,为精准识别高危病例并进行针对性治疗与护理提供参考。方法基于文献分析法、半结构访谈法,通过两轮德尔菲专家咨询,确定新冠肺炎疑似或确诊轻症病例医学隔离管理风险评估表。结果两轮专家咨询积极系数分别为100％和88.24%,权威系数分别为0.847和0.863,两轮专家咨询指标变异系数为0～0.35,肯德尔协调系数为0.187～0.324。构建的风险评估表包括一级指标4项,二级指标21项,三级指标77项。结论构建的风险评估表具有较高科学性和可靠性,但仍需进     

血液病专科护士培养模式构建

目的构建血液病专科护士培养模式,为提高血液病专科护士能力提供参考。方法检索专科护士培养的国内外文献及政策法规,对1 792名血液科护士及6名专家进行问卷调查,获取血液病专科护士培养需求及建议,构建血液病专科护士培养模式草案,针对草案邀请15名专家进行两轮Deiphi专家函询,确定血液病专科护士培养模式各级指标及权重。结果两轮函询专家积极系数均为100%,权威系数为0.83,肯德尔协调系数为0.24（P＜0.05）,专家意见趋于一致。经两轮函询,最终形成包含7个一级指标、31个二级指标、111个三级指标的血液病专科护士培养模式。结论本研究构建的血液病专科护士培养模式科学、可靠,对于血液病专科护士的培养具有指导意义。     

基于德尔菲法的护理人员医院感染防控能力评价指标体系构建

 目的 构建护理人员医院感染防控能力评价指标体系,为培养及评价护理人员感染防控能力提供客观标准。方法 通过文献查阅和半结构式访谈法拟定护理人员医院感染防控能力评价指标草案,筛选并邀请全国20名感染防控、护理管理、感染性疾病等领域专家采用德尔菲法对草案进行修改,采取层次分析法确定最终指标权重。结果 两轮咨询专家积极系数均为100%,权威系数分别为0.874、0.882;肯德尔和谐系数在0.139~0.545,两轮专家咨询最终确定了包括一级指标3项、二级指标10项、三级指标28项的护理人员医院感染防控能力评价指标体系。结论 研究构建的护理人员医院感染防控能力评价指标体系,可为护理人员医院感染防控能力培训、评价提供依据。