水热合成镍矿渣加气混凝土及其水化产物

采用蒸压工艺,以镍矿渣为主要原料制备加气混凝土砌块。研究了钙硅比和一种自制外加剂对加气混凝土性能的影响,采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜分析了镍矿渣加气混凝土分别在原料干混、水合预固化和蒸压养护后的物相变化。结果表明,随着钙硅比减小,砌块干密度和强度逐渐增加,强度在钙硅比为0.64附近时达到峰值。外加剂在镍矿渣加气混凝土浆体制备的过程中起到了改善粘度的作用,使砌块形成独立、细小的孔结构。原料的矿物相经水合预固化生成C-S-H凝胶相及AFt相,再经高温蒸压后两相减少同时生成硬石膏和扁平状的托勃莫来石相。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧底灰的水热固化研究

利用水热技术对城市生活垃圾底灰进行资源化利用研究,将其固化为一种强度高、重金属溶出少的建筑材料.主要研究了添加消石灰固化生活垃圾底灰的硬化机理,并且为了100%利用垃圾焚烧灰,也研究了添加垃圾飞灰固化底灰的方法.同时还进行了重金属浸出试验,测试固化体中重金属溶出量.研究结果表明,托勃莫来石晶体的生成是影响固化体强度的主要原因,而且托勃莫来石的生成量越多,样品的强度越高.飞灰也可以作为一种固化添加剂对底灰进行水热固化,且添加飞灰的硬化机理和消石灰相同.经过水热固化,固化体的重金属溶出量可大大降低.水热技术有望成为一种城市生活垃圾底灰资源化利用的有效方法.     

山西灵丘低硅铁尾矿制备加气混凝土的试验研究

以低硅铁尾矿作为主要原料,铝粉作为发气剂,成功制备出了符合GB/T 11968-2006的A3.5,B06级加气混凝土制品。考虑最大限度使用铁尾矿的情况下,铁尾矿、硅砂、石灰、水泥和脱硫石膏的最优化配合比(质量比)为40∶20∶25∶10∶5,铝粉加入量为0.057%,水料比为0.57,静停养护温度为70 ℃,加气混凝土制品的抗压强度达到4.11 MPa,此时体积密度为590 kg/m 3 ,比强度为6.97 MPa。由X射线衍射测试分析可知,成品中主要的矿物成分为托贝莫来石,此外还有硬石膏和残留的石英等。扫描电镜和能谱分析结果显示,成品中形成了CSH和托贝莫来石相互交织的网状结构,有效的提高了加气混凝土的强度。     

油页岩半焦合成多孔托贝莫来石晶体的研究

以油页岩半焦为原料采用水热合成法制备多孔托贝莫来石晶体。采用XRD、SEM、N2吸附脱附实验等方法探讨了晶化温度、晶化时间、残余碳组分对合成托贝莫来石晶体物相、孔特征等性能的影响。XRD实验结果表明:通过加入Ca O、Na OH水热助剂在晶化温度220℃、晶化时间7 h条件下可合成结晶良好的托贝莫来石晶体;油页岩半焦中残余碳组分在反应早期有利于托贝莫来石晶体的形成。SEM结果表明:水热合成的托贝莫来石晶体呈片状或针状,残余碳组分的存在阻碍托贝莫来石晶体的长大及团聚,增加了托贝莫来石结晶体的比表面积和孔径,这有利于托贝莫来石晶体作为吸附剂的吸附性能。比表面积实验结果表明利用油页岩半焦为原料合成的多孔托贝莫来石比表面积达到76.3 m2/g。     

Thermal Insulation and Strength of Autoclaved Light Concrete

The primary objective of this study was to develop an autoclaved light concrete (ALC) material with ultra-thermal insulation property and to investigate the relationship between its physical characteristics and mechanical properties. Through tests of dry bulk density and compressive strength, relationship of physical characteristics and mechanical properties of samples were studied, resulting in a material with ultra-thermal insulation property. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were applied to analyze the micro-morphology and elemental composition of samples. To identify the product phases, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was engaged. The test results showed that compressive strength and thermal coefficient were reduced with the increasing of aluminum powder within the mixtures. As a result the optimal thermal coefficient and compressive strength of samples were improved to 0.061 W/(m·k) and 1.2 MPa, respectively. SEM, EDX and XRD analyses showed that calcium silicate hydrate and tobermorite crystal were main resultant phases.     

含碱砂对压蒸水化硅酸钙及其制品强度的影响

研究了以碱长石代替部份标准砂配料条件下碱含量对压蒸制品强度的影响。用XRD、DTA、SAXS等方法研究了蒸压产物中的C-S-H凝胶含量、雪硅钙石晶体含量及压蒸制品的相组成;用SEM-EDAX研究了雪硅钙石的形貌和成份。实验结果表明,C-S-H凝胶含量,雪硅钙石晶体含量、大小、形貌、压蒸产物种类以及晶体生长空间等都是影响压蒸制品强度的重要因素,而所有这些因素都与碱含量有关,碱可固溶于雪硅钙石晶体中。     

灵丘铁矿尾矿制备加气混凝土的试验研究

为综合利用固体废弃物铁尾矿,以山西灵丘低硅铁尾矿作为主要原料,铝粉作为发气剂,成功制备出了符合GB/T11968—2006标准的A3.5、B06级加气混凝土.考虑最大限度使用铁尾矿的情况下,通过试验得出生产铁尾矿加气混凝土的优化方案:尾矿粉磨时间25 min,硅砂粉磨时间为30 min,配料质量比为m(铁尾矿)∶m(硅砂)∶m(石灰)∶m(水泥)∶m(脱硫石膏)为40∶20∶24∶10∶6.由X射线衍射测试分析可知,成品中主要的矿物成分为托贝莫来石,此外还有硬石膏和尾矿中残留的石英等.扫描电镜和能谱分析结果显示,成品中形成C-S-H凝胶和托贝莫来石相互致密交织的显微结构,这是加气混凝土获得较高强度的重要原因.     

水热固化海泡石基黏土的研究

海泡石是一种纤维状镁硅酸盐矿物,其天然多孔构造决定了其质轻、比表面积大和吸附性强的特性.本研究旨在保留海泡石上述自身特性的基础上,在低温(≤200℃)务件下,利用水热合成技术制备出具有较高强度的海泡石块体材料.研究表明,Ca(OH)2添加量、水热合成时间、成型压力和加水量等对固化体的抗折强度有直接影响.海泡石这一应用有...     

蒸压养护下硅酸盐制品中硫酸盐存在形态的理论分析

根据蒸压养护对固硫灰渣中水化过程和水化产物的影响研究,借助化学计算手段对加入So42-的托贝莫来石体系进行结构优化和能量计算,并探讨了蒸压石膏(硫酸盐)在CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-CaSO4-H2O五元体系中的存在形态及对五元体系性能的影响.结果表明:蒸压养护后,固硫灰渣中每个托贝莫来石晶胞可进入4个SO42-,晶胞参数发生变化,结构经过优化后达到稳定;SO42-进入晶胞前后的体系能量差AE=-1619.87 keal/mol,有利于托贝莫来石生成.试验结果为蒸压养护下石膏促使CSH(B)转换为托贝莫来石的研究提供了参考.     

Synthesis and microstructure analysis of autoclaved aerated concrete with carbide slag addition

Synthesis of autoclaved aerated concrete （AAC） has been carried out with carbide slag addition, and the carbide slag could be used as a main material to produce the AAC with the compressive strength about 2 MPa and the density below 0.6 g.cm-3. In this study, quartz sand acted as frame structure phase in the matrix, and quartz addition also influenced the Si/Ca of starting material. Tobermorite and CSH gel were formed readily at 62%, which seemed to enhance the compressive strength of samples. Curing time seemed to affect the morphology of phase produced, and specimen with the plate-like tobermorite formed at 10 h appeared to have a better compressive strength development than the fiber-like one at 18 h. The higher curing temperature seemed to favor the tobermorite and CSH gel formation, which also exerted a significant effect on the strength development of the samples. On the micro-scale, the formed CSH gel was filled in the interface of the matrix, and the tobermorite appeared to grow in internal-surface of the pores and interstices. The tobermorite or/and CSH formation seemed to densify the matrix, and therefore enhanced the strength of the samples.