超声振动对聚合物结构性能的影响

介绍了聚合物挤出成型过程中的超声振动技术，并对挤出模头引入超声振动后对聚合物物理机械性能、相容性、结晶性能的影响进行了评述。     

Nonlinear centrifugal effects on a prestressed laminated rotor

Electrical rotors are usually used in rotating machinery such as in ship engine pods. Designing such rotors in bending requires careful modeling of a laminated stack prestressed by tie rods. Theoretically, steel sheets, varnish layers and prestressing make it difficult to homogenize the constitutive properties of a stack both at rest and under operating conditions. Moreover, it is noteworthy that tie rods subjected to centrifugal forces bend until reaching annular clearance. Their nonlinear bending tends to increase their stiffening effects and the axial lamination load, therefore it affects the homogenized constitutive properties of a stack modeled with Timoshenko beams. By combining a fixed-point algorithm and penalty method at each speed of rotation, it is possible to plot the Campbell diagram and unbalance responses by considering updated properties and the axial load of the tie rods generated by centrifugal effects. An industrial application is used to show that centrifugal effects have a slight influence on rotor dynamics.     

Topology optimization of structures with integral compliant mechanisms for mid-frequency response

The purpose of this paper is to present a method for developing new truss-like sandwich structures that exhibit desirable mid-frequency vibratory characteristics. Specifically, a genetic algorithm optimization routine is used to determine candidate small scale structural topologies, i.e. unit cells, that may be used in the design of larger scale periodic sandwich structures. This multi-scale procedure is demonstrated starting with several unit cell topology optimization examples. From these examples a specific optimal unit cell is selected for further investigation and integration into a periodic sandwich beam. Computational results indicate that the proposed optimization approach is effective when used to design new structures for reduced mid-frequency vibratory response.     

A multiscale computational method for medium-frequency vibrations of assemblies of heterogeneous plates

A new approach, called the “variational theory of complex rays” has been developed in order to calculate the vibrations of slightly damped elastic plates in the medium-frequency range. The resolution of a small system of equations which does not result from a fine spatial discretization of the structure leads to the evaluation of effective quantities (deformation energy, vibration amplitude,…). Here, we extend this approach, which was already validated for assemblies of homogeneous substructures, to the case of heterogeneous substructures.     

Study of human–seat interface pressure distribution under vertical vibration

The influence of whole-body vertical vibration on the dynamic human–seat interface pressure is investigated using a flexible grid of pressure sensors. The ischium pressure and the overall pressure distribution at the human–seat interface are evaluated as functions of the magnitude and frequency of vibration excitation, and seated posture and height. The dynamic pressure at the seat surface is measured under sinusoidal vertical vibration of different magnitudes in the 1–10 Hz frequency range. Two methods based on ischium pressure and ischium force are proposed to study the influence of seat height, posture and characteristics of vibration. The results of the study reveal that the amplitude of dynamic pressure component increases with an increase in the excitation amplitude in almost entire frequency range considered in this study. The dynamic components of both the ischium pressure and the ischium force reveal peaks in the 4 to 5 Hz frequency band, the range of primary resonant frequency of the seated human body in the vertical mode. The mean values of the dynamic ischium pressure and the ischium force remain constant, irrespective of the excitation frequency and amplitude. The magnitudes of mean pressure and force at the human–seat interface, however, are dependent upon the seat height and the subject's posture. The inter-subject variability of the static ischium pressure and effective contact area are presented as functions of the subject weight and subject weight-to-height ratio. It was found that heavy subjects tend to induce low ischium pressure as a result of increased effective contact area.

Relevance to industry

Pressure distribution at the human–seat interface has been found to be an important factor affecting the seating comfort and work efficiency of various workers. The study of human–seat interface pressure distribution under vibration is specifically critical to the comfort, work efficiency and health of vehicle drivers, who are regularly exposed to vibration. The results reported in this paper will be useful to study dynamic response of the interface pressure and design vehicle seats.     

Local fault detection in helical gears via vibration and acoustic signals using EMD based statistical parameter analysis

Gear is a vital transmission element, finding numerous applications in small, medium and large machinery. Excessive loads, speeds and improper operating conditions may cause defects on their bearing surfaces, thereby triggering abnormal vibrations in whole machine structures. This paper describes the implementation of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method for monitoring simulated faults using vibration and acoustic signals in a two stage helical gearbox. By using EMD method, a complicated signal can be decomposed into a number of intrinsic mode functions (IMF) based on the local characteristic time scale of the signal. Vibration and acoustic signals are decomposed to extract higher order statistical parameters. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of EMD based statistical parameters to diagnose severity of local faults on helical gear tooth. Kurtosis values from EMD and that obtained from vibration and acoustic signals are compared to demonstrate the superiority of EMD based technique.     

Tribological property investigation on a novel pneumatic actuator with integrated piezo actuators

Pneumatic piston–cylinder actuators are commonly used in industry for a variety of automation and robotics applications. In order to suppress leakage, these actuators comprise seal rings which unfortunately introduce friction and affect the positioning accuracy and output force. This article investigates vibrations of the seal generated by integrated piezo actuators to reduce friction force. For this, two piezoelectric stacks are integrated in the cylinder and used to excite vibration modes. This concept was studied in a compact cylinder pneumatic actuator with a bore diameter of 5 mm and a stroke of 10 mm. Dry friction measurement shows a 52% reduction from the original friction force at a driving frequency of 18.29 kHz and vibration amplitude of 0.05 μm. In the wet friction experiments, the friction force can be reduced by 54% from the original wet friction with vibrations at amplitude of 0.04 μm.     

Complexity analysis of blast-induced vibrations in underground mining:A case study

Blasting in geological bodies is an industrial process acting in an environment characterized by high uncertainties (natural joints,faults,voids,abrupt structural changes),which are transposed into the...     

Dynamic analysis of piezoceramic actuation effects on plate vibrations

This paper presents a simulation model for the active vibration control of a rectangular plate using piezoceramic elements of arbitrary shape. Experiments using multiple PZT patches were carried out to validate the model. An analysis was then undertaken to determine the dynamic effect of the piezoactuators. Numerical results showed that piezoactuators enhance the modal coupling of the structure under certain circumstances. Special attention should be paid to higher-order modes in both simulation and the development of active control strategies. Actuators of different shapes have been tested to show their influence on the dynamic behaviour of the structure. It was noted that actuators shapes affect the structure more in off-resonance regions than near resonance. This effect however remains weak as long as the actuators possess the same area and do not possess significantly different width to length dimensions.     

Analysis of nonlinear vibrations in metal cutting

A nonlinear model of wave cutting is presented. Orthogonal cutting conditions are assumed. Effects of the cutting velocity on the mean friction coefficient are accounted for. An approximate analytical solution of the nonlinear problem is obtained. It is shown that for some supercritical conditions, corresponding to linear instability, the amplitude of vibrations saturates and decreases in the nonlinear analysis. A study of the influence of different parameters (friction, ploughing force, cutting velocity, etc.) on the linear and nonlinear stability results is developed.