Electrical passivation of the silicon surface by organic monolayers of 1-octadecene

The electrical properties of structures consisting of a monolayer of 1-octadecene deposited on the Si surface are investigated depending on the method of passivation of the surface prior to the deposition of the film (hydrogen and ion passivation) and the intensity of illumination which activates the addition reaction of molecules of 1-octadecene to the Si atoms. The monolayer of 1-octadecene on the Si surface is stable and provides the chemical passivation of the surface. Two types of traps are found, namely, traps for holes and electrons, whose density can be varied during deposition of the monolayer by the choice of intensity of illumination and by the method of passivation of the surface. In the case of a low level of illumination and/or the use of the iodine passivation of the surface, the electron traps prevail, and, in the case of high intensity of illumination and/or hydrogen passivation of the surface, the hole traps prevail. It is shown that the use of these films provides conductivity in thin near-surface layers of Si due to providing the mode of flat bands or accumulation of carriers near the surface.     

Spatiotemporal aspects of jerky flow in Al–Mg alloys, in relation with the Mg content

The spatiotemporal aspects of the Portevin–Le Chatelier effect in Al–Mg alloys are investigated using direct observations of the sample surface with a digital camera. Optical measurements of the surface profile using a white light interferometer allow the estimation of the local strain and strain rate associated with the bands. The effect of Mg content on instability characteristics is analyzed. The reloading time is shown to depend on the Mg content only at the strain and strain rates where type C bands are observed.     

Mathematics for/from Society: The Role of the Module in Modernizing Japanese Architectural Production

This paper presents an examination of the process of the development of module in the works and theories of Japanese architect Ikebe Kiyoshi (1920-79). Ikebe based his idea of module on the belief that “Beauty is Mathematics.” He applied his ideas of module in various ways from the 1940s to the 1970s. Analyzing his ideas and works against their historical background, the social and creative meanings of the idea of module and of mathematics in architecture will be re-examined. This allows us to see how Ikebe developed his ideas of module from a characteristic mathematical approach, and how he developed his idea of mathematical logic into his creative theories based on the flexible nature of people’s lifestyles and social conditions. Going beyond the cultural and social differences and the limitations of Le Corbusier’s Modulor, the idea of module as the method for organizing human space in a harmonious manner was reframed in Ikebe’s works, and was developed in a more flexible mathematical way.     

Evasion of multiple target in three-dimensional space

Consideration was given to the differential game of one pursuer against a group of one true and one false target in the three-dimensional space where the concordant targets solve the problem of evasion of the true target from being detected by the pursuer.     

Quantum game simulator, using the circuit model of quantum computation

We present a general two-player quantum game simulator that can simulate any two-player quantum game described by a 2×2 payoff matrix (two strategy games).The user can determine the payoff matrices for both players, their strategies and the amount of entanglement between their initial strategies. The outputs of the simulator are the expected payoffs of each player as a function of the other player's strategy parameters and the amount of entanglement. The simulator also produces contour plots that divide the strategy spaces of the game in regions in which players can get larger payoffs if they choose to use a quantum strategy against any classical one. We also apply the simulator to two well-known quantum games, the Battle of Sexes and the Chicken game.

Program summary

Program title: Quantum Game Simulator (QGS)Catalogue identifier: AEED_v1_0Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEED_v1_0.htmlProgram obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.htmlNo. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 3416No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 583 553Distribution format: tar.gzProgramming language: Matlab R2008a (C)Computer: Any computer that can sufficiently run Matlab R2008aOperating system: Any system that can sufficiently run Matlab R2008aClassification: 4.15Nature of problem: Simulation of two player quantum games described by a payoff matrix.Solution method: The program calculates the matrices that comprise the Eisert setup for quantum games based on the quantum circuit model. There are 5 parameters that can be altered. We define 3 of them as constant. We play the quantum game for all possible values for the other 2 parameters and store the results in a matrix.Unusual features: The software provides an easy way of simulating any two-player quantum games.Running time: Approximately 0.4 sec (Region Feature) and 0.3 sec (Payoff Feature) on a Intel Core 2 Duo GHz with 2 GB of memory under Windows XP.     

Competition of large-scale projects: The game model of gas pipeline construction

Consideration is given to the problem of large-scale projects competition in the formulation motivated by real problems of defining the rational development of oil and gas transportation systems. The problem is formulated as a noncooperative game of n persons. Standard existence theorems and algorithms for computing the Nash equilibrium solutions are not applicable to it. For the case when all functional parameters of the problem are defined by exponential functions, a finite solution algorithm is proposed. Here is developed the approach proposed and studied in [1–5].     

High conductivity and transparent ZnO:Al films prepared at low temperature by DC and MF magnetron sputtering

Aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin films have been deposited by DC and MF magnetron sputtering from a ceramic oxide target in argon atmosphere without direct heating of the substrates. The samples were prepared at different predetermined conditions of input power or discharge voltage and the influence upon electronic, optical, and microstructural properties has been investigated. The as-deposited layers show low resistivity, such as 9 × 10^− 4 Ω cm minimum for DC excitation and 1.2 × 10^− 3 Ω cm for MF mode, with growth rates up to 130 nm/min, and resulting substrate temperatures always below 200 °C. Low resistivity of the films is combined with high transmission, 85-90% in the visible wavelength range (400-800 nm). A strong (002) texture perpendicular to the substrate has been found, with lower strain for DC than for MF sputtering.     

Sage of Lacock

Abstract

‘The good is oft interred with their bones.’ Much of what has been written of William Henry Fox Talbot has done him meagre justice: criticism for patenting his inventions, accusations that he patented the ideas of others, denigration of the importance of his discoveries. Though acknowledged as a scientist, his place as an artistic worker in the medium he invented has not been appreciated.     

学生时代的丹下健三

本文试图通过回顾学生时代的丹下健三,寻找其建筑思想及脉络形成的起点。文章先从丹下的毕业设计入手。保留下来的设计图面,清晰地展示出其对于勒·柯布西耶设计手法的摹仿。但是由于毕设没有文字说明留存,因此本文进一步通过阅读和分析其在本科二年级时撰写的两篇文章,从中寻找其思想内涵。